Materials for engineering, 3rd Edition - (Malestrom)

Metals and alloys 99
1100
At% Zn
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
1000
900
Liquid
Temperature (°C)
800
700
600
500
α
520
798
β
586
ζ
γ
γ
δ
755
δ
ε
640
ε + liquid
400
350
415
300
η
227
200
189 η′
186
150
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Wt% Zn
3.17 The Cu–Sn phase diagram.
3.2.5 Lead alloys
The most significant applications of lead and lead alloys are lead-acid storage
batteries, and they are also widely used for building construction materials
such as sheet because of their relative inertness to atmospheric attack. Lead
is also finding increased application as a material for controlling sound and
mechanical vibration, due to its high damping capacity.
Because of its low melting point (327.5 °C), pure lead undergoes creep at
room temperature, so it usually strengthened by small additions of solute.
Thus, 1.5 to 3% antimony or traces of calcium are often present in the plates
of car batteries, and different manufacturers may use different solutes.
The important families of more concentrated alloys are the lead–tin solders
(see Section 3.3.2) and lead-based bearing alloys, which may contain antimony,
tin and arsenic, for use in internal combustion engines.
3.2.6 Zinc alloys
The main uses of zinc are as an alloying element (e.g. in copper as already
discussed) and as a protective coating for steel (galvanizing). However, zinc-