Design for Learning- Principles, Processes, and Praxis, 2021a

experience failure, only reflection-on-action could allow them to
process that failure, learn from it, and essentially become aware of
future modes of failure that might come their way.
An Example of a Design Reflection by an Instructional
Design Student
Kaminski et al. (2018) has illustrated several design reflections
written by ID students. One example is shared in this chapter, and you
are encouraged to read more—as shared by Kaminski et al. (2018).
"One of the hardest lessons I learned from the instructional design
course (and still struggle with), is articulating my decisions and
actions onto paper. The best advice I received from Dr. Kaminski is to
approach instructional design with the mindset that you are making
something that another instructor (without any prior experience) can
recreate. I think my difficulty comes from the many steps that I
personally revisit and parts that I revise with research and
experience. It is hard to describe all those directions that my mind
takes to come to a final product. The picture I drew allows me to
provide an abstract visual of all those steps. The student is the 'key,'
the center of my purpose. As the 'doorknob, it is my responsibility to
make sure all the working parts are in place so that the individual can
open the door to knowledge. Begin by identifying the goals of the
training event, analyze the learner, and the method for instruction,
and verify the performance objectives. Start on outer edges and spiral
toward the middle, and then through evaluation back out and spiral
back in again until you get through the door. Goals are set – look at
the learner and environment to make it work. Facilitators need to
address all the pieces and parts of the classroom component, so the
facilitator ensures the student has what they need to open the door."
As you can see in this example, the student expressed how hard it was
for them to make design decisions. The student reflected on what they
believe to be the appropriate design moves, how to begin, and what
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