Design for Learning- Principles, Processes, and Praxis, 2021a

Table of Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................... 6
Part I. Instructional Design Practice .......................................... 10
Understanding ......................................................................... 11
1. Becoming a Learning Designer ....................................... 12
2. Designing for Diverse Learners ....................................... 32
3. Conducting Research for Design ..................................... 57
4. Determining Environmental and Contextual Needs ........ 83
5. Conducting a Learner Analysis ...................................... 104
Exploring ................................................................................ 125
6. Problem Framing ........................................................... 126
7. Task and Content Analysis ............................................ 142
8. Documenting Instructional Design Decisions ................ 156
Creating .................................................................................. 174
9. Generating Ideas ........................................................... 175
10. Instructional Strategies ............................................... 194
11. Instructional Design Prototyping Strategies ................ 206
Evaluating .............................................................................. 228
12. Design Critique ............................................................ 229
13. The Role of Design Judgment and Reflection in
Instructional Design ................................................... 250
14. Instructional Design Evaluation ................................... 267
15. Continuous Improvement of Instructional Materials .... 293
Part II. Instructional Design Knowledge .................................. 308
Sources of Design Knowledge ............................................ 309
16. Learning Theories ........................................................ 310
18. Making Good Design Judgments via the Instructional
Theory Framework ..................................................... 331
19. The Nature and Use of Precedent in Designing ........... 356
20. Standards and Competencies for Instructional Design and
Technology Professionals ........................................... 377
Instructional Design Processes .......................................... 393
Design for Learning 4