Design for Learning- Principles, Processes, and Praxis, 2021a

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Learning Environment Modeling—A Method for Creating Curriculum Blueprints A particularly critical challenge faced by many curriculum designers is the lack of a generally accepted design language and system in the field (Gibbons, 2014). For example, many design professions have a language to represent their work so that the audience versed in the language can easily understand and build from their work. Architects, engineers, and software programmers are all examples of professionals that use design languages to communicate ideas. Learning Environment Modeling was created to advance a solution to the absence of a shared design language for curriculum and instructional design. At the core of Learning Environment Modeling is a language that represents five “building blocks” of curriculum, four learning contexts, three transitional actions, and two standard notations. These language elements are combined together in a blueprint that shows how the curriculum is to be organized and implemented. Visit https://edtechbooks.org/-rqn to learn more about Learning Environment Modeling and how it can be used to design curriculum. Over the previous several years, a number of digital platforms have become available on the market to manage curriculum design processes. While these platforms vary in strategy, most seek to increase efficiency and provide a common digital hub for managing information and communication about curriculum processes. These platforms are currently distinct from content authoring tools used for creating materials, in that they focus solely on the curriculum organization and design, rather than content development and delivery. In addition to standalone curriculum design platforms, many learning management systems are incorporating similar features as part of their capabilities. Design for Learning 460
Examples of Curriculum Design Platforms Coursetune eLumens Synapes Examples of Learning Management Systems with Integrated Curriculum Design Capabilities Moodle Canvas Brightspace by D2L Blackboard Innovation Considerations for Curriculum Design Processes As innovations in learning design and technology are created and scaled, curriculum design processes must adapt to ensure these methods remain grounded in effective learning practices. This section discusses several innovation trends and their possible implications on curriculum design processes. One of the foundational innovations influencing curriculum design processes is a shift from individual-focused design to team-based curriculum design. Curriculum design is becoming more and more a “team sport” where people from diverse backgrounds, professions, and areas of expertise work together to create curriculum. The increasing influence of technology continues to not only incorporate new backgrounds (e.g. technologists), but also allows people from all around the world to collaborate on curriculum more efficiently. Successful curriculum design professionals are master facilitators across different types of contexts and through the effective use of collaborative technologies. Design for Learning 461
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Design for Learning Principles, Pro
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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Introduction Jason K. McDonald & Ri
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fill out these surveys as they will
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Part I Instructional Design Practic
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1 Becoming a Learning Designer Elle
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designers take when designing lesso
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to work? How will we engage learner
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All variants of Design Thinking emb
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prototypes and wireframes, graphic
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As Simon envisioned this role, the
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Mobile app design Social and collab
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may manifest. However, there are cu
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uild a survey, and conducting marke
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key principles and various helpful
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2 Designing for Diverse Learners Su
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equipment for access of computer-ba
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designers should not stop there but
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Visual Thinking and Animal Behavior
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Considerations Hearing difficulties
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Design for Learning 42
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Each of these dimensions will be di
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Differences Between UDL and DI With
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environments should support varied
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those on the fringes of dominant cu
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4. 5. 6. Observe universal design.
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Gay, G. (2002). Preparing for cultu
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diverse classrooms (3rd ed.). ASCD.
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When to Use Qualitative and Quantit
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3. 4. Dependability (reliability) i
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in interviewing, it’s not always
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4. 5. not?” Follow up by asking,
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Report Findings The final step is t
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acquisition, and c) foreign languag
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The study plan matrix operationaliz
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or teacher. Essentially, questions
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Definition of Effective Implementat
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obvious thing the invite should inc
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effects of known variables. ANCOVA
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6. transformations or computing of
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Even though there is a science fill
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influencing learner performance can
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Are we sure that instruction is goi
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Figure 1 provides an overview of ho
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from Tessmer & Richey (1997 While c
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Method of Analysis Needs Analysis D
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instructional designers will have a
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Level of Scale Low (1-2 weeks) Medi
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INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN PROJECT INTAKE
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Cennamo, K., & Kalk, D., (2019). Re
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groundbreaking classic on human per
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5 Conducting a Learner Analysis Jos
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knowledge, and their demographics,
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or that has no connection to studen
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designing the best learning environ
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Fact-finding - Most conflicts are r
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Objective Define the purpose/vision
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Note. Persona example from https://
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Note. Persona example from https://
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go beyond the physical location and
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https://edtechbooks.org/-Snvzp Ambr
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knowledge influences memory in olde
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6 Problem Framing Vanessa Svihla Is
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An Example of How the Same Initial
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Figure 2 Problem Structure, Complex
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“framing agency” is a hallmark
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What Tools Help Designers Frame Pro
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designers coherently link the task
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easons for reframing are likelier t
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National Science Foundation. Refere
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7 Task and Content Analysis Levi Po
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analyzing interpersonal skills. Con
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facts, concept, and principles). On
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Length of nails 10-penny or less is
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content area. A course on home repa
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a. b. c. d. e. f. Tactile cue: Feel
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Conclusion Task/content analysis is
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8 Documenting Instructional Design
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Decision Typologies as They Relate
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Decisions Type of Decision- Making
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Naturalistic Decision-Making Exampl
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their design process to log and ref
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Conclusion While decision-making is
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knowledge and experience to solve i
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Luo, T., & Baaki, J. (2019). Gradua
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Tracey, M. W., & Hutchinson, A. (20
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Creating Creating practices are tho
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Many ideation techniques focus on g
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Noel Oh! Sorry. The PASS model—I
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Noel Nice. And we should make the j
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Table 1 Common Structured Ideation
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Contrast the two techniques you tri
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with no instructions and putting th
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Additional Readings and Resources T
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Daly, S. R., Seifert, C. M., Yilmaz
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initial investigation of expert pra
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10 Instructional Strategies Joshua
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Learning Domain Strategies Each lea
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muscular actions. When teaching psy
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specific to general You could teach
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values or needs. Relevance is also
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well-defined learning goals; instru
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11 Instructional Design Prototyping
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psychology has established that the
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Table 1 Prototyping Stages and Goal
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Note. Many of the examples provided
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other design contexts such as indus
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Note. CC-BY from Rosenfeld Media, a
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they reach a product that will acco
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This approach is believed to be les
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prototype, you can learn about the
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doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2015.10140
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Merrill, M. D., & Wilson, B. (2007)
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Evaluating Evaluating practices hel
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Defining Critique Used throughout t
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on the work itself and not on the d
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Any critique develops both the crit
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Group Critique (illustration by the
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2010). Studios are based on the ide
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can be paired or grouped as need be
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which are overwhelmingly negative o
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176-177). Mahwah: Erlbaum. Dannels,
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13 The Role of Design Judgment and
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instructional module to be delivere
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The second is instrumental judgment
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concerned with design tools—every
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(Tracey et al., 2014). It is usuall
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the design should be focused on. To
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appreciate public libraries. We lik
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References and Suggested Readings B
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49(4), 3-17. Stolterman, E., McAtee
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ADDIE Model of Design (Fav203, 2012
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Reaction In order to have effective
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“When the cook tastes the soup th
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Summative Dick et al. (2015, p. 320
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implementation of a design. Moseley
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One-to-One The one-to-one evaluatio
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Field Trial Summative Evaluation Th
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Stake’s Model Stake in 1969 creat
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the goal-free evaluator. Younker pr
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Conclusion Evaluation is the proces
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2. 3. 4. Draw a diagram of the iter
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References Boston, C. (2002). The c
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Youker, B. W. (2013). Goal-free eva
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these data. Historically, any neede
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student learning in a specific cont
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Build: Designing for Data, Instrume
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An open source software implementat
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assessments require students to App
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A Worked Example Lumen Learning, a
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learning outcome. This activity pro
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Part II Instructional Design Knowle
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16 Learning Theories Beth Oyarzun &
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evokes a specific functional reacti
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For example, if the desired learnin
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example of a cognitive constructivi
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Yourself (DIY) forum. You may also
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self-efficacy. Social cognitive the
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motivators can enhance self-determi
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Keller’s ARCS Model Within the mo
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and models helps guide your design
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Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and ed
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designers through the lenses of dif
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Formally linking instructional desi
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The instructional theory framework
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3. 4. 5. Precision, which reflects
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Using the Instructional Theory Fram
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Value Learning Experience Design Fu
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experience may undergo any number o
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Respect the Instructional Design Ir
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obsolete, to today’s mobile game-
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understand these terms, one’s des
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subject testing. Performance & Impr
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Research and Development, 62(1), 53
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Instructional-design theories and m
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19 The Nature and Use of Precedent
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that the benefits of this form of e
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employees to learn," or "minimal sc
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cases, there may be little to indic
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configurations, in which the design
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idea; "what if we put together some
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developing instruction, consider th
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The Noticing Journal The beginning
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simple, they were not called out in
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practice. European Journal of Marke
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Zimmerman, E. (2003). Play as resea
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Competency and Standard In this sec
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Instructional Design and Technology
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competencies to practitioners, rese
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Take a
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AECT certifies graduate certificate
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Authors Audience Research Method Te
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Application Exercises 1. 2. 3. 4. H
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the educational technologist multim
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21 Design Thinking Vanessa Svihla E
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advantage of them? If design thinki
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Additional Reading For another grea
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When designing with end-users, we g
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implications for the agency, and ev
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Risks and Pitfalls Associated with
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instance, consider the various appr
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ID models, approaches, practices an
Page 410 and 411: References Adams, R. S., Daly, S. R
Page 412 and 413: Muller, M. J., & Kuhn, S. (1993). P
Page 414 and 415: 22 Robert Gagné and the Systematic
Page 416 and 417: Laboratory. He held multiple academ
Page 418 and 419: An example would be classifying mus
Page 420 and 421: of prior learning allows learners t
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Page 424 and 425: consisting of the final evaluation
Page 426 and 427: each skill into its smallest step b
Page 428 and 429: War II to the rise of the systemati
Page 430 and 431: Heinich, R., Molenda, M., Russell,
Page 432 and 433: with an extensive knowledge and ski
Page 434 and 435: competencies (i.e., the integration
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Page 438 and 439: y employing modelling examples and
Page 440 and 441: to carry out those tasks up to stan
Page 442 and 443: To conclude, dealing with current a
Page 444 and 445: Janssen‐Noordman, A. M. B., van M
Page 446 and 447: 24 Curriculum Design Processes Buck
Page 448 and 449: Curriculum design is a team sport.
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Page 452 and 453: Standards and competency frameworks
Page 454 and 455: Visit http://www.lxcanvas.com/ for
Page 456 and 457: Visit https://edtechbooks.org/-TTeu
Page 458 and 459: Figure 8 Conceptual Illustration of
Page 462 and 463: In addition to curriculum design be
Page 464 and 465: essential skill for emerging educat
Page 466 and 467: feedback. This kind of static list
Page 468 and 469: ealize the key components of the ag
Page 470 and 471: Scrum Basics and Roles Watch on You
Page 472 and 473: Note. "The Agile PM Game (Aug '11)"
Page 474 and 475: process. There are many similaritie
Page 476 and 477: An Example of Scrum in Practice At
Page 478 and 479: with similar user stories. Tripp an
Page 480 and 481: Links and Resources Scrum Guide (A
Page 482 and 483: how your design may need to incorpo
Page 484 and 485: guide to scrum: The rules of the ga
Page 486 and 487: 26 Designing Technology- Enhanced L
Page 488 and 489: technologies, such as a computer or
Page 490 and 491: Learning experiences are now design
Page 492 and 493: Collaborativism (Online Collaborati
Page 494 and 495: instructional methods with intentio
Page 496 and 497: Pedagogical Intent—A Set of Core
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Page 500 and 501: PICRAT for Effective Technology Int
Page 502 and 503: The research on CTML is quite exten
Page 504 and 505: Challenge #4: Time/Cost/Efficiency
Page 506 and 507: Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & C
Page 508 and 509: Koehler, M., & Mishra, P. (2009). W
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27 Designing Instructional Text Sha
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Towards a Theoretical Perspective T
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Principle 1: Simplify: Reduce Extra
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cameras, lecture recording, and liv
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Purpose and Placement of Instructio
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and norms. Figure 6 provides an exa
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emails are done with a short turnar
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Numbering Numbering aids in sequenc
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other”(p. 7). White space is nece
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This is 8px This is 10px This is 12
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Application Exercises Exercise 1 Re
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Education, 23(2), 243-265. Garrison
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28 Audio and Video Production for I
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Audio The most common lossless audi
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would be the highest quality. The b
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microphone. Condenser microphones h
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until you get to know your micropho
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The larger the room, the greater th
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Note. The top track is a voice trac
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yourself will help you work with pr
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Note. A more complete collection of
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Video Editing Tools Once the video
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the task on screen typically narrat
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transitions, it can be tempting to
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29 Using Visual and Graphic Element
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the manner in which they cause the
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An Organizational Picture Illustrat
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A Transformational Picture Using Mn
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the instructional techniques employ
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Google Image Search and the Usage R
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information is presented, such as s
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30 Simulations and Games Jeff Batt
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Video 1: How to Create a Watch Simu
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from their mistakes. The key here i
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Providing a theme has a couple of r
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This type of progression tool is al
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If the learner gets the question co
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information from one screen to anot
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Video 5: Using Triggers Watch on Vi
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Video 6: Understanding Conditions W
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31 Designing Informal Learning Envi
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If we use this as a guide to identi
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exploration and even learning throu
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Principle 4: Leverage the Benefits
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competition fueled their natural in
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Application Exercise For your refle
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ule/ Cordova, D. I., & Lepper, M. R
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32 The Design of Holistic Learning
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design way: Intentional change in a
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proposed that all instructional pro
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[the student] be changed by it). Ap
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Application Exercise Using the same
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33 Measuring Student Learning Lisa
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helps instructional designers incre
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Example Assessment Alignment Table
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Multiple-Choice Best Practice Guide
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Tips for Writing Higher Order Think
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High-Quality Examples 1. Proof 1: G
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Rubrics As discussed earlier in the
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descriptors below. Numerical Descri
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esults help instructional designers
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Table of Specifications Template Us
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34 Working With Stakeholders and Cl
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are using that process. It's also i
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Scope of Work When beginning work o
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Once you agree on a file hosting se
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Not communicating expectations earl
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Catching plagiarism early is vital.
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Conclusion In this chapter we discu
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35 Leading Project Teams Ashley Smi
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The Initiation phase encompasses al
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impact on the project. In many case
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There are always tradeoffs for ever
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(Rath, 2007, p. i). I have found wh
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Effective Strategies in Leading a T
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Communicating Effectively Don’t k
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Managing Conflicts Have crucial con
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from https://ebookcentral.proquest.
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design process, however. Designers
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The Stages of Roger's Implementatio
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definition of “long-term” can b
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Relative Advantage The concept of r
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Application Exercise You are an ins
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Jason K. McDonald Dr. Jason K. McDo
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Richard E. West Dr. Richard E. West
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McDonald, J. K. &West, R. E.(2021).
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