Design for Learning- Principles, Processes, and Praxis, 2021a

and norms. Figure 6 provides an example of instructional text with a
navigation purpose.
Figure 6
Example Showing Navigation Techniques in a Learning Activity
Being explicit about the structure, rules, and norms of your course
can improve the learner experience by reducing extraneous cognitive
load. That is, because of the way the content is presented, learners
may have to do excessive analyzing that is not necessary to achieve
the learning outcomes of the course (Mayer, 2019). It is our
responsibility as instructors to limit this load, allowing learners to
focus their attention and efforts on what we really want them to learn.
Learning Activity Instructional Text
If you research older articles, you will often come across instructional
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