Physical fitness training for stroke patients (Review) - Update Software

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Yang 2006 (Continued) Interventions Intervention: mixed training performed as a circuit 30 minutes per day 3 days per week for 4 weeks; circuit comprised 6 x 5-minute lower extremity workstations (standing and reaching, sit-to-stand from chair, stepping forwards and backwards onto blocks, stepping sideways onto blocks, forward step-up onto blocks), participants encouraged to work hard, progression achieved by increasing number of repetitions in each 5-minute block, and increasing step and chair height, and the complexity of task; extended periods (5-minute) warrant acknowledgement of a cardiorespiratory component despite the author’s title (progressive resistance strength training) Control: no intervention Outcomes Included outcomes: gait endurance (6MWT - outcome assessor not blinded); gait speed preferred (10-metres); 3-metre TUG; step test; isometric strength of knee and hip ankle extension and flexion; and ankle dorsi-flexion and plantar-flexion (using handheld dynamometer) Other outcomes: gait cadence and stride length Notes Trial authors stated ’strength training’ but intervention was actually mixed training. Data reported as absolute and change scores Risk of bias Bias Authors’ judgement Support for judgement Allocation concealment (selection bias) Low risk Sealed envelopes 6MWT: 6-Metre Walking Test 9HPT: 9-Hole Peg Test 12MWT: 12-minute walk test ABCS: Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale ACSM: American College of Sports Medicine ADL: activities of daily living AQoL: Assessment of Quality of Life Instrument ARAT: Action Research Arm Test BBS: Berg Balance scale BI: Bathel Index BMI: Body Mass Index CES-D: Centre for Epidemiological Studies for Depression scale CT: computerised tomography ECG: electrocardiogram EMS: Elderly Mobility Scale FAC: Functional Ambulation Classification FAI: Frenchay Activity Index FAPS: Functional Ambulation Profile Score FIM: Functional Independence Measure FTHUE: Functional Test of the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale LOT-R: Life Orientation Test - Revised Physical fitness training for stroke patients (Review) Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 71
mAS: modified Ashworth Scale MAS: Motor Assessment Scale MI: myocardial infarction MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination NEADL: Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living NHP: Nottingham Health Profile PADS: Peripheral Arterial Diseases Walking Impairment questionnaire RLOC: Recovery Locus of Control Scale RMA: Rivermead Motor Assessment RMI: Rivermead Mobility Index SD: standard deviation SF-12: Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire SF-36: Short Form 36 Health Survey SIP: Stroke Impact Scale SIS: Stroke Impact Scale SSS: Scandinavian Stroke Scale SWLS: Satisfaction with Life sSale TUG: Timed Up and Go test Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID] Study Reason for exclusion Ada 2003 Control intervention was described as training and included prescribed walking which confounds this walking study Ada 2010 Not valid comparison (treadmill gait training with body weight support versus overground gait training) Akbari 2006 Not valid control group Au-Yeung 2009 Intervention not physical fitness training (short-form Tai Chi). Not valid control Barreca 2007 Not progressive physical fitness training Baskett 1999 Intervention not physical fitness training: it is described as exercise and activities but no evidence of progressive cardiorespiratory or strength elements, or both Batchelor 2009 Intervention not physical fitness training (falls prevention programme) Blennerhassett 2004 Control group perform upper limb training intervention - this could theoretically influence lower limb outcome measures Bourbonnais 2002 Comparison of upper and lower body exercise Brown 2002 Comparison of 2 exercise regimens Butefisch 1995 Non-random, alternate allocation on admission method Physical fitness training for stroke patients (Review) Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 72
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Physical fitness training for strok
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Analysis 1.19. Comparison 1 Cardior
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Analysis 5.10. Comparison 5 Mixed t
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Analysis 7.2. Comparison 7 Cardiore
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walking speed (mean difference (MD)
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Post-stroke physical activity and f
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Search methods for identification o
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• type of training (cardiorespira
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Compliance with the scheduled exerc
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Case fatality Number of deaths was
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we did not include these data in th
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(Flansbjer 2008; Kim 2001; Ouellett
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data were, however, confounded by a
Page 27 and 28: Vascular risk factors A few trials
Page 29 and 30: ical function outcomes did not impr
Page 31 and 32: We thank the Cochrane Stroke Group
Page 33 and 34: or relaxation. Proceedings of the U
Page 35 and 36: Dean 1997 {published data only} Dea
Page 37 and 38: (LEAPS): a randomized controlled tr
Page 39 and 40: with chronic stroke. Neurorehabilit
Page 41 and 42: Askim {published data only} Askim T
Page 43 and 44: Hobart 2002 Hobart JC, Williams LS,
Page 45 and 46: andomized controlled trials. Clinic
Page 47 and 48: Bale 2008 Methods Design: randomise
Page 49 and 50: Cooke 2010 Methods Design: phase I
Page 51 and 52: da Cunha 2002 Methods Design: rando
Page 53 and 54: Duncan 1998 Methods Design: randomi
Page 55 and 56: Eich 2004 Methods Design: randomise
Page 57 and 58: Flansbjer 2008 (Continued) Allocati
Page 59 and 60: James 2002 Methods Design: randomis
Page 61 and 62: Kim 2001 Methods Design: randomised
Page 63 and 64: Lennon 2008 Methods Design: pilot r
Page 65 and 66: Moore 2010 Methods Design: randomis
Page 67 and 68: Mudge 2009 (Continued) sessions (e.
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Page 81 and 82: (Continued) Franceschini 2009 Not v
Page 83 and 84: (Continued) Maeshima 2003 Not a rel
Page 85 and 86: (Continued) Thielman 2005 Not a rel
Page 87 and 88: Eng Trial name or title The effect
Page 89 and 90: Ivey (B) Trial name or title Streng
Page 91 and 92: Protas (Continued) Participants 48
Page 93 and 94: Suskin 2007 (Continued) Time frame:
Page 95 and 96: Wolff Trial name or title Effects o
Page 97 and 98: 11.2 After usual care 3 169 Mean Di
Page 99 and 100: 7 Physical fitness - maximum cyclin
Page 101 and 102: 10.2 After usual care 1 20 Mean Dif
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Page 105 and 106: 36 Mood - Hospital Anxiety and Depr
Page 107 and 108: 21.2 After usual care 1 80 Mean Dif
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Analysis 3.1. Comparison 3 Resisten
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Analysis 3.11. Comparison 3 Resiste
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Analysis 5.1. Comparison 5 Mixed tr
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Table 1. Outline of the studies whi
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Table 3. Outline of the studies whi
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Table 4. Pooled walking data for ca
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#42.(physical in Abstract and (exer
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71 8 and 36 and 70 72 limit 71 to h
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S58. (MH “Random Assignment”) o
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W H A T ’ S N E W Last assessed a
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MeSH check words Humans Physical fi
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