The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation, and Drought

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De Jager a., D. Onduru and C. Walaga. 2004. Facilitated Learning in Soil Fertility Management: Assessing Potential of Low-External Inpt Technolgoies in East African Farming Systems. Agricultural Systems 79:205-223. De Janvry, A.; Fafchamps, M. and E. Sadoulet 1991: Peasant Household behavior with missing markets: some paradoxes explained. The Economic Journal 101: 1400-1417. Derpsch, R. and Friedrich, T. (2009) Global overview of Conservation Agriculture adoption. Invited Paper, 4th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture: Innovations for Improving Efficiency, Equity and Environment, 4–7 February. New Delhi: ICAR. On WWW at http://www.fao.org/ag/ca De Pinto, A., M. Maghalaes, and C. Ringler. 2010. Potential of Carbon Markets for Small Farmers. IFPRI Discussion Paper 01004. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. Deshingkar, P., C. Johnson, and J. Farrington. 2005. “State Transfers to the Poor and Back: The Case of the Foodfor-Work Program in India.” World Development 33 (4): 575–591. Devas, N., and U. Grant. 2003. “Local Government Decisionmaking: Citizen Participation and Local Accountability: Some Evidence from Kenya and Uganda.” Public Administration and Development 23 (4): 307–316. Diao, X., and D. B. Sarpong. 2007. Cost Implications of Agricultural Land Degradation in Ghana. IFPRI Discussion Paper 698. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. Diouf, E., and E. Lambin. 2001. “Monitoring Land-Cover Changes in Semiarid Regions: Remote Sensing Data and Field Observations in Ferlo, Senegal.” Journal of Arid Environments 48: 129–148. Dobos, E., J. Daroussin, and L. Montanrella. 2005. An SRTM-Based Procedure to Delineate SOTER Terrain Units on 1:1 and 1:5 Million Scales. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Doraiswamy, P. C., G. W. McCarty, E. R. Hunt Jr., R. S. Yost, M. Doumbia, and A. J. Franzluebbers. 2007. “Modeling Soil Carbon Sequestration n Agricultural Lands of Mali.” Agricultural Systems 94: 63–74 Downing, T.E. 1991. “Vulnerability to Hunger in Africa: A Climate Change Perspective.” Global Environmental Change 1(5): 365-380. Drake, L., P. Bergstrom, and H. Svedsater. 1999. “Farmers’ Attitude and Uptake.” In Countryside Stewardship: Farmers, Policies and Markets, edited by G. Huylenbroeck and M. Whitby, 89–111. Pergamon Elsevier, Oxford, UK. Dregne, H. E. 1977. Generalized Map of the Status of Desertification of Arid Lands, Prepared by FAO of the United Nations, UNESCO and WMO for the 1977 United Nations Conference on Desertification . ———. 1983. Desertification of Arid Lands. London: Harwood Academic Publishers. Dregne, H., and N.-T. Chou. 1992. “Global desertification dimensions and costs. In Degradation and restoration of arid lands. edited by H. Dregne, 249–282. Lubbock: International Center for Arid and Semiarid Studies, Texas Tech University. Duflo, E., and R. Pande. 2007. “Dams.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122 (2): 601–646. Duraiappah, A. 1998. “Poverty and Environmental Degradation: A Review and Analysis of the Nexus.” World Development 26 (12): 2169–2179. Eaton, D. 1996. “The Economics of Soil Erosion. A Model of Farm-Decision Making.” Environmental Economics Program. Discussion paper 96-01. IID. FAO 1986. “Highlands Reclamation Study Ethiopia Final Report.” Vol. I & II. Rome, Italy. Edwards, C. 2010. Ten Reasons to Cut Farm Subsidies. Washington, DC: CATO Institute. Ehui, S.K., T.W. Hertel, and P.V. Preckel. 1990. Forest Resource Depletion, Soil Dynamics, and agricultural productivity in the Tropics. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 18: 136-154. Ellis, E. C., and N. Ramankutty. 2008. “Putting People in the Map: Anthropogenic Biomes of the World.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6: 439–447. 154
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IFPRI Discussion Paper 01086 May 20
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Contents Abstract vii Acknowledgmen
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List of Figures 1.1—Conceptual fr
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ABSTRACT Attention to land degradat
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asia
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SCAR Soil Conservation in Agricultu
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In the present report, the conceptu
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Framework: Confronting Action versu
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understand these arrangements in or
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Figure 1.3—Prevention, mitigation
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on assessments at the micro level (
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does not clearly distinguish betwee
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Figure 2.1—GLASOD (1991) global a
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International Earth Science Informa
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Box 2.1—Continued Normalized Diff
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Figure 2.4—Loss of annual NPP, GL
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Figure 2.7—Annual loss of NPP in
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Table 2.2—Nitrogen application ra
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Figure 2.12—Areas affected by hum
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output—which is a selection of su
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GLADIS also underlines the linkage
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Box 2.2—Continued A map on global
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Table 2.3—Global land degradation
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Table 2.3—Continued Project and d
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Table 2.4—Continued Location 10 2
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Table 2.6—Extent and severity of
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National Level Policies As discusse
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Such support has also been directed
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Migration, either as outmigration o
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The preceding discussion shows the
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Results Correlation Analysis Consis
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Figure 2.23—Relationship between
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Effects of Land Degradation On-Site
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soils and higher land productivity.
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Acknowledging the work of GLADIS, a
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health, education, security, enviro
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Box 3.1—Recent major economic ass
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An appropriate economic tool for a
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Figure 3.4—Cost of action and cos
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enefit—for example, income. This
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Figure 3.6—Ecosystem services fra
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Replacement Cost Approaches The rep
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Box 3.2—Measuring land degradatio
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land degradation and conservation m
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Flooding and Aquifer Recharge Richa
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year (Diao and Sarpong 2007). Sonne
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Bringing together the different cos
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This section discusses the most imp
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governing land use patterns (Leeman
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promotion of community forest manag
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Box 4.3—Reducing emissions from d
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Soil Nutrient Depletion Soil nutrie
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that the yields of salt-tolerant wh
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Figure 5.3—Forest area as a perce
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Figure 5.5—Per capita water stora
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Introduction 6. CASE STUDIES Five c
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Salinity The effects of salinity on
Page 116 and 117: Third, to correctly decide which ac
Page 118 and 119: Costs of Action and Inaction We eva
Page 120 and 121: The NGOs and religious organization
Page 122 and 123: have a strong influence on NRM (And
Page 124 and 125: We estimated the cost of action (de
Page 126 and 127: Figure 6.15—Costs of action and i
Page 128 and 129: Of interest to us is the strategy t
Page 130 and 131: 7. PARTNERSHIP CONCEPT The review o
Page 132 and 133: degradation. All this should be don
Page 134 and 135: Finally, the global assessment of D
Page 136 and 137: the experience of and lessons learn
Page 138 and 139: Table 7.3—Example of E-DLDD resea
Page 140 and 141: 8. CONCLUSIONS Since the publicatio
Page 142 and 143: lowest in the region. From a socioe
Page 144 and 145: Table A.1—Land degradation assess
Page 146 and 147: Table A.2—Continued Author Region
Page 148 and 149: Table A.3—Continued Author Countr
Page 156 and 157: Table A.5—Costs of land degradati
Page 158 and 159: Figure B.1—Land use systems of th
Page 160 and 161: REFERENCES Abelson, P. 1979. Cost B
Page 162 and 163: Benin S., E. Nkonya, G. Okecho, J.
Page 164 and 165: Clark, E. H. 1985. The Off-Site Cos
Page 168 and 169: Foster, V., and C. Briceño-Garmend
Page 170 and 171: Holden, S. and H. Lofgren. 2005. As
Page 172 and 173: Lapar, M. L., and S. Pandey. 1999.
Page 174 and 175: Nachtergaele, F., M. Petri, R. Bian
Page 176 and 177: Pender, J. L. 2009. “Food Crisis
Page 178 and 179: Sauer, J., and H. Tchale. 2006. Alt
Page 180 and 181: Tan, Z. X., R. Lal, and K. D. Wiebe
Page 182 and 183: ———. 2010. “Assessment of L
Page 187 and 188: RECENT IFPRI DISCUSSION PAPERS For
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