The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation, and Drought

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RECENT IFPRI DISCUSSION PAPERS For earlier discussion papers, please go to http://www.ifpri.org/publications/results/taxonomy%3A468. All discussion papers can be downloaded free of charge. 1085. Agriculture’s role in the Indian enigma: help or hindrance to the undernutrition crisis?. Derek Headey, Alice Chiu, and Suneetha Kadiyala, 2011. 1084. Policy options for improving regional fertilizer markets in West Africa. Balu L. Bumb, Michael E. Johnson, and Porfirio A. Fuentes, 2011. 1083. Loss prevention for hog farmers: Insurance, on-farm biosecurity practices, and vaccination. Yue-hua Zhang, Chu-Shiu Li, Chwen-Chi Liu, and Kevin Z. Chen, 2011. 1082. Institutions, geography, trade, and income per capita: A spatial-simultaneous equation approach. Guyslain Ngeleza, 2011. 1081. Assessing the livelihood impacts of a livestock disease outbreak: An alternative approach. Ekin Birol, Lydia Ndirangu, Devesh Roy, and Yorbol Yakhshilikov, 2011. 1080. Can conditional cash transfers improve maternal health and birth outcomes?: Evidence from El Salvador’s Comunidades Solidarias Rurales. Alan de Brauw and Amber Peterman, 2011. 1079. Intercommodity price transmission and food price policies: An analysis of Ethiopian cereal markets. Shahidur Rashid, 2011. 1078. Randomizing the “last mile”: A methodological note on using a voucher-based approach to assess the impact of infrastructure projects. Tanguy Bernard and Maximo Torero, 2011. 1077. Evaluating the long-term impact of antipoverty interventions in Bangladesh: An overview. Agnes R. Quisumbing, Bob Baulch, and Neha Kumar, 2011. 1076. Poverty rate and government income transfers: A spatial simultaneous equations approach. P. Wilner Jeanty and John Mususa Ulimwengu, 2011. 1075. A model of labeling with horizontal differentiation and cost variability. Alexander Saak, 2011. 1074. Cropping practices and labor requirements in field operations for major crops in Ghana: what needs to be mechanized? Guyslain K. Ngeleza, Rebecca Owusua, Kipo Jimah, and Shashidhara Kolavalli, 2011. 1073. The consequences of early childhood growth failure over the life course. John Hoddinott, John Maluccio, Jere R. Behrman, Reynaldo Martorell, Paul Melgar, Agnes R. Quisumbing, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Aryeh D. Stein, and Kathryn M. Yount, 2011. 1072. Farm households’ preference for cash-based compensation versus livelihood-enhancing programs: A choice experiment to inform avian flu compensation policy in Nigeria. Adewale Oparinde and Ekin Birol, 2011. 1071. Petroleum subsidies in Yemen: Leveraging reform for development. Clemens Breisinger, Wilfried Engelke, and Olivier Ecker, 2011 1070. Joint estimation of farmers’ stated willingness to pay for agricultural services. John Ulimwengu and Prabuddha Sanyal, 2011. 1069. Using a spatial growth model to provide evidence of agricultural spillovers between countries in the NEPAD CAADP framework. John Ulimwengu and Prabuddha Sanyal, 2011. 1068. Social services, human capital, and technical efficiency of smallholders in Burkina Faso. Fleur Wouterse, 2011. 1067. Decentralization of public-sector agricultural extension in India: The case of the District-level Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA). Claire J. Glendenning and Suresh C. Babu, 2011. 1066. Institutional and capacity challenges in agricultural policy process: The case of Democratic Republic of Congo. Catherine Ragasa, Suresh C. Babu, and John Ulimwengu, 2011. 1065. Cartels and rent sharing at the farmer-trader interface: An example from Ghana’s tomato sector. Elizabeth J.Z. Robinson and Guyslain Ngeleza, 2011. 1064. Agricultural, food, and water nanotechnologies for the poor: Opportunities, Constraints, and role of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. Guillaume Gruère, Clare Narrod, and Linda Abbott, 2011.
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IFPRI Discussion Paper 01086 May 20
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Contents Abstract vii Acknowledgmen
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List of Figures 1.1—Conceptual fr
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ABSTRACT Attention to land degradat
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asia
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SCAR Soil Conservation in Agricultu
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In the present report, the conceptu
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Framework: Confronting Action versu
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understand these arrangements in or
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Figure 1.3—Prevention, mitigation
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on assessments at the micro level (
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does not clearly distinguish betwee
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Figure 2.1—GLASOD (1991) global a
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International Earth Science Informa
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Box 2.1—Continued Normalized Diff
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Figure 2.4—Loss of annual NPP, GL
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Figure 2.7—Annual loss of NPP in
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Table 2.2—Nitrogen application ra
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Figure 2.12—Areas affected by hum
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output—which is a selection of su
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GLADIS also underlines the linkage
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Box 2.2—Continued A map on global
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Table 2.3—Global land degradation
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Table 2.3—Continued Project and d
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Table 2.4—Continued Location 10 2
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Table 2.6—Extent and severity of
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National Level Policies As discusse
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Such support has also been directed
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Migration, either as outmigration o
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The preceding discussion shows the
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Results Correlation Analysis Consis
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Figure 2.23—Relationship between
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Effects of Land Degradation On-Site
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soils and higher land productivity.
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Acknowledging the work of GLADIS, a
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health, education, security, enviro
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Box 3.1—Recent major economic ass
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An appropriate economic tool for a
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Figure 3.4—Cost of action and cos
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enefit—for example, income. This
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Figure 3.6—Ecosystem services fra
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Replacement Cost Approaches The rep
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Box 3.2—Measuring land degradatio
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land degradation and conservation m
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Flooding and Aquifer Recharge Richa
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year (Diao and Sarpong 2007). Sonne
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Bringing together the different cos
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This section discusses the most imp
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governing land use patterns (Leeman
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promotion of community forest manag
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Box 4.3—Reducing emissions from d
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Soil Nutrient Depletion Soil nutrie
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that the yields of salt-tolerant wh
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Figure 5.3—Forest area as a perce
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Figure 5.5—Per capita water stora
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Introduction 6. CASE STUDIES Five c
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Salinity The effects of salinity on
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Third, to correctly decide which ac
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Costs of Action and Inaction We eva
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The NGOs and religious organization
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have a strong influence on NRM (And
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We estimated the cost of action (de
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Figure 6.15—Costs of action and i
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Of interest to us is the strategy t
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7. PARTNERSHIP CONCEPT The review o
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degradation. All this should be don
Page 134 and 135: Finally, the global assessment of D
Page 136 and 137: the experience of and lessons learn
Page 138 and 139: Table 7.3—Example of E-DLDD resea
Page 140 and 141: 8. CONCLUSIONS Since the publicatio
Page 142 and 143: lowest in the region. From a socioe
Page 144 and 145: Table A.1—Land degradation assess
Page 146 and 147: Table A.2—Continued Author Region
Page 148 and 149: Table A.3—Continued Author Countr
Page 156 and 157: Table A.5—Costs of land degradati
Page 158 and 159: Figure B.1—Land use systems of th
Page 160 and 161: REFERENCES Abelson, P. 1979. Cost B
Page 162 and 163: Benin S., E. Nkonya, G. Okecho, J.
Page 164 and 165: Clark, E. H. 1985. The Off-Site Cos
Page 166 and 167: De Jager a., D. Onduru and C. Walag
Page 168 and 169: Foster, V., and C. Briceño-Garmend
Page 170 and 171: Holden, S. and H. Lofgren. 2005. As
Page 172 and 173: Lapar, M. L., and S. Pandey. 1999.
Page 174 and 175: Nachtergaele, F., M. Petri, R. Bian
Page 176 and 177: Pender, J. L. 2009. “Food Crisis
Page 178 and 179: Sauer, J., and H. Tchale. 2006. Alt
Page 180 and 181: Tan, Z. X., R. Lal, and K. D. Wiebe
Page 182 and 183: ———. 2010. “Assessment of L
Page 188: INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH
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