Schwetzingen - Schlösser-Magazin

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VI. 148 VI. Schwetzingen – Historical Context Once the garden house for Pater Seedorf and its enclosing wall had been finished, only one plot was left on the north side of the market-place. Nobody expressed an interest in building there until the townsman Franz Wilhelm Ritter asked to be granted the vacant corner. Keller Windecker raised the following objections: “Because the corner lies directly within the prospect of the Elector’s palace, and should consequently be built with greater splendour than the other houses on this square, Ritter will not be able to achieve it.” Ritter was therefore allocated a site on the mulberry avenue. 55 A plan of the palace square produced around 1755 shows that the Franz Wilhelm Rabaliatti, a master-builder at the Elector’s court whose accomplishments included the two quartercircle pavilions, had by this time developed the corner. In his own inimitable style, he created an elegant patrician residence with an elaborate portal and a side wing facing Pater Seedorf’s garden. Rabaliatti died on 24 March 1782 and his heirs sold the property for 4,700 guilders to Imperial Count Carl August von Bretzenheim. 56 In December 1801 Theodor Zeller, a counsellor in the Court Chamber, bought it for the princely sum of 7,000 guilders. 57 When the Palatinate passed to Baden, and Schwetzingen was granted the status of a District capital, this building served from 1821 to 1924 as an administrative office for the District Council of Schwetzingen. It was privatized in 1931. 58 55 Blank, Heuss 1979, vol. 1, p. 127. 56 Stadtarchiv Schwetzingen B42. Imperial Count von Bretzenheim (1769-1823) was the illegitimate son of Elector Carl Theodor and the dancer Josepha Seyffert. 57 Stadtarchiv Schwetzingen B47. 58 Grundbuchamt Schwetzingen. Development South of the Market-Place Whereas building made early progress along the north of the market square, with the garden house for Pater Seedorf begun in 1748, the development of the opposite end was held up for years by the resistance of Johann Michael Renkert, the landlord of the “Ox”. To complete the new market square, he was asked to pull down his property, which protruded some way in, and rebuild it somewhere else. In 1749 an agreement was reached that his new home could stay where it was, as long as the house in the yard, the barn and the stables were demolished. The land where the barn stood was of particular interest, as Count von Piosasque and the new director of gardens and water works, Nicolas de Pigage, were keen to locate Schwetzingen’s new town hall here. The drawings also indicated that the town hall and the adjacent home of innkeeper Renkert would be enclosed by a wall, just like across the square. Johann Michael Renkert refused on grounds of cost, and so the Court Chamber agreed to bear the expense. 59 Ultimately, however, the idea of locating a new town hall on this site seems to have been discarded for lack of funds. New barracks for the Elector’s Mounted Lifeguard were to round off the southern development. Planning was entrusted to the engineer and artillery major L’Angé, who had built the stables for Count Palatine Friedrich Michael von Pfalz-Zweibrücken on the mulberry avenue in 1750. In December 1752 he presented an estimate of 7,000 guilders for a single-storey building 235 feet long with two corner pavilions to house 2 officers, 40 soldiers and 48 horses. On 7 February 1753 Counsellor Sartorius of the Court Chamber presented a convincing argument for raising the barracks to two storeys. As the location was so conveniently close to the palace, Sartorius suggested billeting not only troops, but also court domestics, musicians and outsiders. In his opinion, this would cut back the great expense of accommodation. 60 59 GLA Karlsruhe 221/Schwetzingen no. 21. 60 GLA Karlsruhe 221/Schwetzingen no. 33.
The foundations for the new two-storey barracks were laid that same year. To expedite construction, negotiations with innkeeper Renkert had to be resumed, as a section of the Guards’ barracks would have to stand on his land. The Court Chamber had the buildings and garden valued in order to establish a sum of compensation, but Renkert demanded four times as much. 61 Counsellor Sartorius finally had the obstructive buildings removed, and the Guards’ barracks were duly completed and occupied in 1756. Here Mannheim’s court apothecary Baader established the first permanent court dispenser at Schwetzingen in 1764. 62 When the Palatine court moved to Munich and the estate passed to the Grand Duchy of Baden, the Guards’ barracks lost their purpose. In 1833, the year of the town census in Schwetzingen, the complex was privatized and subdivided into five homes: Schlossplatz 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8a. 63 In 1841 the town purchased the two houses at Schlossplatz 8 and 8a, intending to turn them into a school house. 64 But the idea was discarded and a suitable site was found on the square Kleine Planken to build the Friedrichschule in 1842. The keeper of the “Ox” received 1,800 guilders in damages along with the plot at Schlossplatz 9, where in 1760 he built the grand house that still stands there. The old single-storey inn remained for a while and was happily used by well-known personages, above all the musicians from the Mannheim School. When the famous composer Christoph Willibald Gluck came to Schwetzingen in September 1774, he met up with members of the court orchestra here prior to his audience with the Elector. 65 Friedrich von Schiller also took a room here on his journey to Mannheim for the première of “The Robbers” on 12 January 61 Blank, Heuss 1979, vol. 1, p. 124. 62 Blank, Heuss 1979, vol. 2, p. 98. 63 Stadtarchiv Schwetzingen B52, B53. 64 Stadtarchiv Schwetzingen B55. 65 Eugen Stollreither: Rokoko und Revolution, Lebenserinnerungen des Johann Christian von Mannlich. Berlin 1913, p. 304. VI. Schwetzingen – Historical Context 1782. He nearly arrived too late for his play after flirting with a waitress. 66 The inn with its long history was not replaced until 1826, when the present building appeared 67 and in 1838 its new owner Joseph Schrieder hung a new sign to the Crown Prince: “Zum Erbprinzen”. 68 66 August Koob: Schwetzinger Geschichtstruhe. Schwetzingen 1970, p. 135. 67 Stadtarchiv Schwetzingen B315. 68 Stadtarchiv Schwetzingen B54. VI. Fig. 5: Market square, c. 1755. Innkeeper Renkert’s property juts out into the square, hindering construction of the Guards’ barracks (Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe G Schwetzingen/35). 149
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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V. Science and Technology Contents
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I. Introduction In the eighteenth c
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II. Schwetzingen - Elector Carl The
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lives in small and crammed rooms wh
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of Benrath also served as an assert
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part also that thereby the places,
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Palatine Electorate in 1748, during
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This is clear from the memoires of
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c) Musical Life at the Court of Ele
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The Two-Season Structure: Winter an
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friend Lorenz Hagenauer in Salzburg
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III. Architectural Features a) The
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auditorium and the stage, according
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On the whole, though, Pigage’s dr
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Influences and Models The architect
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et de son bon naturel...”. 9 By t
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Idolino. 17 Both porticoes are deli
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oval basin is surrounded by a white
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to Lunéville from Einville Castle.
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the huge cost of fl. 120 000; this,
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uilding is clearly not meant to be
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probably found in the available gro
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in 1730 and translated into German
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d) The Arabic Insriptions of the Mo
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The Inscriptions of the Interior Al
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“EINSAMKEIT IST BESSER ALS BOESE
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and humour as the European one, and
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e) “… Beyond this lake, finally
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Mythology The building owes its nam
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of St John: “No man cometh unto t
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III. Architectural Features III. 65
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IV. Palace Gardens: Role and Signif
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Antiquity is a trove of model motif
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The four-column Corinthian façade
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three identical façades - has a ma
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with the colossal stags spouting wa
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to which all his subjects were invi
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) The Collection and Cultivation of
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pot plants during the winter, the s
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The Schwetzingen Orchards and Kitch
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„The merit of a natural garden is
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trees and its beautiful layout, and
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are on display. There are some magn
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space, today occupied by the palace
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The long-planned lane cut into the
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oad, where the new crossing had bee
Page 97 and 98: The interplay between the summer re
Page 99 and 100: kitchen gardens, Johann van Wynder;
Page 101 and 102: view, and that for that reason, it
Page 103 and 104: utterly misplaced. The harmony betw
Page 105 and 106: of scientific, botanical interests
Page 107 and 108: IV. Palace Gardens: Role and Signif
Page 109 and 110: V. Science and Technology a) On the
Page 111 and 112: affection for Antiquity instilled i
Page 113 and 114: knowledge and integrated directly i
Page 115 and 116: The “litmus test” is to analyse
Page 117 and 118: In contrast to the military tenor o
Page 119 and 120: the Wittelsbachs. The spectrum rang
Page 121 and 122: a notably more complex technical ef
Page 123 and 124: But postponement does not necessari
Page 125 and 126: Apollo 71 , the sight line conspire
Page 127 and 128: c) The Waterworks and Carl Theodor
Page 129 and 130: tip. The lightning conductors were
Page 131 and 132: horologist, André Le Paute Mayer b
Page 133 and 134: ecentissimisque observationibus et
Page 135 and 136: VI. Schwetzingen - Historical Conte
Page 137 and 138: Calvinists, over the use of the Hei
Page 139 and 140: 2. History of the Town of Schwetzin
Page 141 and 142: their properties when the new north
Page 143 and 144: The Twentieth Century to the Presen
Page 145 and 146: The New Town is Born The timing of
Page 147: Development North of the Market-Pla
Page 151 and 152: ) History of the Palace 1. The Orig
Page 153 and 154: Origins A “fort” at “Sweczing
Page 155 and 156: Friedrich V and the Aftermath of th
Page 157 and 158: oofed passage; the remains of this
Page 159 and 160: The following plans (Building phase
Page 161 and 162: locks. The masonry is regular, and
Page 163 and 164: Friedrich V and the Conversion of t
Page 165 and 166: Fig. 8: Findings 8 - Inscription on
Page 167 and 168: VI. Schwetzingen - Historical Conte
Page 169 and 170: uilding done in 1715/16). Seen from
Page 171 and 172: 2. The Palace Interior Through the
Page 173 and 174: into random, occasionally fanciful
Page 175 and 176: A number of institutions were house
Page 177 and 178: honour wings, a golden yellow, to e
Page 179 and 180: the history of the Schwetzingen ora
Page 181 and 182: In 1731, Johann Friedrich Armand vo
Page 183 and 184: The Origins of the Palace Gardens a
Page 185 and 186: hunting park. The dilapidated Upper
Page 187 and 188: “berceaux en treillage”, i.e. l
Page 189 and 190: However, as the southern one is des
Page 191 and 192: that was begun in 1764 and created
Page 193 and 194: displayed a collection of alpine pl
Page 195 and 196: drew up an inventory of the Schwetz
Page 197 and 198: touched any of the shores, a featur
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Neckar valleys” 6 , as the anonym
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inscriptions was faithfully recorde
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I would not like to add my own to s
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fled from the persecution of Art. I
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2. The Schwetzinger Festspiele: the
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VI. Schwetzingen - Historical Conte
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VII. Appendices a) Biographies (Man
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was begun with the intention that t
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Elector’s scholarly and artistic
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In 1792/93, with the Palatinate wes
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were involved in building sets and
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sculptor of Duke Leopold of Lorrain
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sculptor, Mr. Lamini, has fashioned
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At the age of about twenty, Nicolas
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de Pigage. Two plans by his hand su
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At Mannheim the most important work
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in two editions together with Georg
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1776 Physicist Johann Jakob Hemmer
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detail, inspired by late Baroque bu
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Carl-Theodor-Straße 9 (Flstnr. 374
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Forsthausstraße (Flstnr. 425) Leim
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Hebelstraße 4 (Flstnr. 179/1) Shar
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Karlsruher Straße 2a, (Flstnr. 434
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Lessingstraße 35 - cf. Lessingstra
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Marstallstraße 12 (Flstnr. 498/1)
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Schlossplatz 2 (Flstnr. 262) Confer
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Zeller and retaining the tower of t
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Zeyherstraße 2 (Flstnr. 219) Resid
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Beringer 1902 - Joseph August Berin
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Freund 1923 - Karl Freund, „Die T
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Heber/Seeliger-Zeiss 1974 - Wiltrud
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Kollnig 1993 - Karl Kollnig, Die Ku
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Mörz 1997 - Stefan Mörz, Die letz
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Schwab 1840 - Franz Schwab, Beschre
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Was bleibt. Markgrafenschätze aus
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Zeyher/Roemer 1815 - Johann Michael
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92 88 87 89 90 91 16 8 86 52 15 14
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