Schwetzingen - Schlösser-Magazin

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VI. Fig. 19: Castle grouns. The blue marked areas display the immense increase of the building during the reign of Carl Theodor. 170 VI. Schwetzingen – Historical Context
2. The Palace Interior Through the Ages The palace of Schwetzingen, once a medieval fortress, underwent many alterations in the course of its 650-year history. Not only the building itself, but also its interiors, were much changed over time. Especially the demands made on a Baroque summer residence necessitated a lot of refurbishing. From the time before the Palatine War of Succession only a few Gothic rooms with oriels survive. As regards the interior decoration and furnishing, little is known even of the early Baroque period. The earliest remains date from the time of Elector Carl Philipp (1716-1742): fine stuccoed ceilings on the first floor and a recess for an oven on the second. Between 1748 and 1785, Elector Carl Theodor commissioned the architect Nicolas Pigage (1723-1796) to redecorate a number of rooms in a Rococo style. Pigage, who was director of gardens and water features too, had little chance of influencing the outer appearance of the palace – the look of the main building, wings and quarter-circle pavilions, had long been determined. Only in the design of the interior could he make his influence felt, and he cooperated with the Elector in designing the mantelpieces, wainscoting and stuccoed ceilings. When the rooms were apportioned, those in the north of the ground and first floors became Carl Theodor’s apartments (Rooms 103-107), while the southern rooms on the ground and first floors became those of the Electress, Elisabeth Auguste (Rooms 115-127). The medieval core building did not allow a symmetrical layout modeled on that proposed by French theoretician Blondel, and so the two linear suites of rooms (enfilades) were arranged east-west and north-south instead. Both include antechambers, salles de compagnie or salles d’assemblée, chambres de parade and cabinets. The second floor was reserved for the apartments of Duke Christian von Pfalz- VI. Schwetzingen – Historical Context Zweibrücken (1722-1775) and Count Palatine Friedrich Michael von Pfalz-Zweibrücken (1724-1767). When Carl Theodor’s longawaited son and heir died, they had become next in the line of succession. The rooms were not elaborately decorated, however. The most valuable and authentic interior of the electoral age is without a doubt, that of the bathhouse in the Schwetzingen grounds. Built c.1775 by Pigage and the court craftsmen from Mannheim in a neo-Classical style, it has survived intact, except for some pieces of furniture. This is where Carl Theodor retreated when he wanted to be merely “a good man and pleasant companion”. 62 The interior betrays the Elector’s very modern personal taste; the intimacy and functionality displayed here did not become customary until the 19th century. The walls and furniture are designed to complement each other; the precious materials add to the dignity of the rooms. Besides the court carpenters Zeller and Graf, Carl Theodor employed a master furniture maker from Osthofen, Johann Georg Wahl. Among other things, Wahl created a highly decorated bureau for the Elector’s 62 Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart 1777. From: Dietrich Rentsch, Schloss und Garten Schwetzingen, Karlsruhe 1987, p. 44. VI. Fig. 1: Room on the first floor of the central block, historical photograph dating from the early 20th century (Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten Baden- Württemberg, Bruchsal). 171
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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V. Science and Technology Contents
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I. Introduction In the eighteenth c
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II. Schwetzingen - Elector Carl The
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lives in small and crammed rooms wh
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of Benrath also served as an assert
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part also that thereby the places,
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Palatine Electorate in 1748, during
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This is clear from the memoires of
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c) Musical Life at the Court of Ele
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The Two-Season Structure: Winter an
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friend Lorenz Hagenauer in Salzburg
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III. Architectural Features a) The
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auditorium and the stage, according
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On the whole, though, Pigage’s dr
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Influences and Models The architect
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et de son bon naturel...”. 9 By t
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Idolino. 17 Both porticoes are deli
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oval basin is surrounded by a white
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to Lunéville from Einville Castle.
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the huge cost of fl. 120 000; this,
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uilding is clearly not meant to be
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probably found in the available gro
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in 1730 and translated into German
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d) The Arabic Insriptions of the Mo
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The Inscriptions of the Interior Al
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“EINSAMKEIT IST BESSER ALS BOESE
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and humour as the European one, and
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e) “… Beyond this lake, finally
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Mythology The building owes its nam
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of St John: “No man cometh unto t
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III. Architectural Features III. 65
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IV. Palace Gardens: Role and Signif
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Antiquity is a trove of model motif
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The four-column Corinthian façade
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three identical façades - has a ma
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with the colossal stags spouting wa
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to which all his subjects were invi
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) The Collection and Cultivation of
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pot plants during the winter, the s
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The Schwetzingen Orchards and Kitch
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„The merit of a natural garden is
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trees and its beautiful layout, and
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are on display. There are some magn
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space, today occupied by the palace
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The long-planned lane cut into the
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oad, where the new crossing had bee
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The interplay between the summer re
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kitchen gardens, Johann van Wynder;
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view, and that for that reason, it
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utterly misplaced. The harmony betw
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of scientific, botanical interests
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IV. Palace Gardens: Role and Signif
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V. Science and Technology a) On the
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affection for Antiquity instilled i
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knowledge and integrated directly i
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The “litmus test” is to analyse
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In contrast to the military tenor o
Page 119 and 120: the Wittelsbachs. The spectrum rang
Page 121 and 122: a notably more complex technical ef
Page 123 and 124: But postponement does not necessari
Page 125 and 126: Apollo 71 , the sight line conspire
Page 127 and 128: c) The Waterworks and Carl Theodor
Page 129 and 130: tip. The lightning conductors were
Page 131 and 132: horologist, André Le Paute Mayer b
Page 133 and 134: ecentissimisque observationibus et
Page 135 and 136: VI. Schwetzingen - Historical Conte
Page 137 and 138: Calvinists, over the use of the Hei
Page 139 and 140: 2. History of the Town of Schwetzin
Page 141 and 142: their properties when the new north
Page 143 and 144: The Twentieth Century to the Presen
Page 145 and 146: The New Town is Born The timing of
Page 147 and 148: Development North of the Market-Pla
Page 149 and 150: The foundations for the new two-sto
Page 151 and 152: ) History of the Palace 1. The Orig
Page 153 and 154: Origins A “fort” at “Sweczing
Page 155 and 156: Friedrich V and the Aftermath of th
Page 157 and 158: oofed passage; the remains of this
Page 159 and 160: The following plans (Building phase
Page 161 and 162: locks. The masonry is regular, and
Page 163 and 164: Friedrich V and the Conversion of t
Page 165 and 166: Fig. 8: Findings 8 - Inscription on
Page 169: uilding done in 1715/16). Seen from
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Page 175 and 176: A number of institutions were house
Page 177 and 178: honour wings, a golden yellow, to e
Page 179 and 180: the history of the Schwetzingen ora
Page 181 and 182: In 1731, Johann Friedrich Armand vo
Page 183 and 184: The Origins of the Palace Gardens a
Page 185 and 186: hunting park. The dilapidated Upper
Page 187 and 188: “berceaux en treillage”, i.e. l
Page 189 and 190: However, as the southern one is des
Page 191 and 192: that was begun in 1764 and created
Page 193 and 194: displayed a collection of alpine pl
Page 195 and 196: drew up an inventory of the Schwetz
Page 197 and 198: touched any of the shores, a featur
Page 199 and 200: Neckar valleys” 6 , as the anonym
Page 201 and 202: inscriptions was faithfully recorde
Page 203 and 204: I would not like to add my own to s
Page 205 and 206: fled from the persecution of Art. I
Page 207 and 208: 2. The Schwetzinger Festspiele: the
Page 211 and 212: VII. Appendices a) Biographies (Man
Page 213 and 214: was begun with the intention that t
Page 215 and 216: Elector’s scholarly and artistic
Page 217 and 218: In 1792/93, with the Palatinate wes
Page 219 and 220: were involved in building sets and
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sculptor of Duke Leopold of Lorrain
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sculptor, Mr. Lamini, has fashioned
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At the age of about twenty, Nicolas
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de Pigage. Two plans by his hand su
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At Mannheim the most important work
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in two editions together with Georg
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1776 Physicist Johann Jakob Hemmer
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detail, inspired by late Baroque bu
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Carl-Theodor-Straße 9 (Flstnr. 374
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Forsthausstraße (Flstnr. 425) Leim
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Hebelstraße 4 (Flstnr. 179/1) Shar
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Karlsruher Straße 2a, (Flstnr. 434
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Lessingstraße 35 - cf. Lessingstra
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Marstallstraße 12 (Flstnr. 498/1)
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Schlossplatz 2 (Flstnr. 262) Confer
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Zeller and retaining the tower of t
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Zeyherstraße 2 (Flstnr. 219) Resid
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Beringer 1902 - Joseph August Berin
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Freund 1923 - Karl Freund, „Die T
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Heber/Seeliger-Zeiss 1974 - Wiltrud
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Kollnig 1993 - Karl Kollnig, Die Ku
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Mörz 1997 - Stefan Mörz, Die letz
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Schwab 1840 - Franz Schwab, Beschre
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Was bleibt. Markgrafenschätze aus
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Zeyher/Roemer 1815 - Johann Michael
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92 88 87 89 90 91 16 8 86 52 15 14
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