Schwetzingen - Schlösser-Magazin

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VI. 158 VI. Schwetzingen – Historical Context There was a lot of building going on at Schwetzingen in those years. Pigage, promoted to Oberbaudirektor (director-inchief of building) in 1752, was commissioned the same year to build a court theatre. The most recent interpretation of the documents suggests that this was built in the course of a few months, adjoining the back of the north quarter-circle pavilion. 53 However, recent analyses appear to contradict this. The building of the brick structure alone, with its high mansard roof, within six months, is hard to imagine. Moreover, within that time, a complex three-storey timber construction would have had to be built as well, to provide the substructure for the galleries and seats, not to mention the elaborate stage machinery. 54 Further analyses are under way. The surviving bills tell of considerable and rising costs, which Pigage justified by pointing out the numerous changes of plans and enlargements. Instead of the estimated 5900 fl. the building ended up costing 22790 fl. 42 kr. Shortly after the theatre had been completed, Carl Theodor ordered work on the southern pavilion to begin. Franz Wilhelm Rabaliatti completed it in 1754. The stately halls, among them a dining hall and a gaming room, added to the palace’s available space and were frequently used by the court. Plays were performed on a regular basis in Pigage’s threatre, opened in 1752, especially during the summer. Soon the Elector asked his chief architect to enlarge both the auditorium and the anteroom, both already deemed too small. Ten years after the theatre’s completion, Pigage skillfully managed almost to double the number of seats on the galleries. A new staircase on the west side gave easy access to the upper storeys. 53 Monika Scholl/Peter Knoch: “Bretterbude? Neue Erkenntnisse zur Baugeschichte des Theaters”, in: S. Leopold/B. Pelker (eds.), Hofoper in Schwetzingen. Musik – Bühnenkunst – Architektur, Heidelberg 2004, pp. 251-301. 54 P. Knoch, ongoing studies and examinations. At the same time, Pigage designed and built an orangery in the northwest of the garden, not far from the transverse north-south axis. Its structure is clean and simple, the windows face south; the central projection houses the gardener’s apartment, and at the eastern end a greenhouse was added that was remarkably modern for its time. The orangery’s south side is unique among the palace buildings, in that it features an elaborate painted trompe-l’oeil architecture. Another building, begun in 1761, was an extension at the back of the court of honour’s southern wing, intended to house the kitchens. It provides a direct connection between the palace and the passage leading to the southern quarter-circle pavilion. The building runs parallel to the court of honour wing; it housed the kitchens on the ground floor, and servants’ quarters above (s. dendroplan). When it was completed in 1764, the major projects were largely accomplished. Only a number of small extensions of the garden wing and on the roof of the main building were left to be completed. They were the Electress’ “writing alcove” on the south side of the first floor 55 ; the Elector’s writing cabinet, a half-timbered structure on the north side, the so-called “Green Pavilion” 56 ; and the observatory on the roof 57 . However, they had little impact on the appearance of the palace as a whole. The “Reichsdeputationshauptschluss” of 1803, 58 gave the Palatinate east of the Rhine, including Schwetzingen, to the Grand Duchy of Baden. Maintenance work and the reapportion of parts of the building, and individual rooms, to serve different functions, were the major changes. Even after 1919, when the estate became the property of the Baden family, little changed up to the present day. 55 DP-Nr. 79, felled after 1760 (LSB-Nr. 131/03-2) 56 DP-Nr. 78, 1778. 57 DP-Nr. 66-67, 1762. The Jesuit Father Christian Mayer, electoral court astronomer, made his epoch-making discoveries here. The first result was the “Small Map of the Palatinate”, one of the most precise cartographic surveys of the 18th century; see Martin 1933, pp. 74-5 and Sillib 1907, p. 16. 58 Carl Eduard Vehse, Die Höfe zu Baden, Leipzig/Weimar 1992, pp. 98f.
The following plans (Building phase I-IV) constitute a summary of the architectural history of the Schwetzingen palace in four stages. Building phase IV also included the addition of the quarter-circle pavilions, the theatre and the kitchen block to the palace complex. VI. Schwetzingen – Historical Context VI. 159
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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V. Science and Technology Contents
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I. Introduction In the eighteenth c
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II. Schwetzingen - Elector Carl The
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lives in small and crammed rooms wh
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of Benrath also served as an assert
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part also that thereby the places,
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Palatine Electorate in 1748, during
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This is clear from the memoires of
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c) Musical Life at the Court of Ele
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The Two-Season Structure: Winter an
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friend Lorenz Hagenauer in Salzburg
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III. Architectural Features a) The
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auditorium and the stage, according
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On the whole, though, Pigage’s dr
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Influences and Models The architect
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et de son bon naturel...”. 9 By t
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Idolino. 17 Both porticoes are deli
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oval basin is surrounded by a white
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to Lunéville from Einville Castle.
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the huge cost of fl. 120 000; this,
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uilding is clearly not meant to be
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probably found in the available gro
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in 1730 and translated into German
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d) The Arabic Insriptions of the Mo
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The Inscriptions of the Interior Al
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“EINSAMKEIT IST BESSER ALS BOESE
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and humour as the European one, and
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e) “… Beyond this lake, finally
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Mythology The building owes its nam
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of St John: “No man cometh unto t
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III. Architectural Features III. 65
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IV. Palace Gardens: Role and Signif
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Antiquity is a trove of model motif
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The four-column Corinthian façade
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three identical façades - has a ma
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with the colossal stags spouting wa
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to which all his subjects were invi
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) The Collection and Cultivation of
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pot plants during the winter, the s
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The Schwetzingen Orchards and Kitch
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„The merit of a natural garden is
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trees and its beautiful layout, and
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are on display. There are some magn
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space, today occupied by the palace
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The long-planned lane cut into the
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oad, where the new crossing had bee
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The interplay between the summer re
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kitchen gardens, Johann van Wynder;
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view, and that for that reason, it
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utterly misplaced. The harmony betw
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of scientific, botanical interests
Page 107 and 108: IV. Palace Gardens: Role and Signif
Page 109 and 110: V. Science and Technology a) On the
Page 111 and 112: affection for Antiquity instilled i
Page 113 and 114: knowledge and integrated directly i
Page 115 and 116: The “litmus test” is to analyse
Page 117 and 118: In contrast to the military tenor o
Page 119 and 120: the Wittelsbachs. The spectrum rang
Page 121 and 122: a notably more complex technical ef
Page 123 and 124: But postponement does not necessari
Page 125 and 126: Apollo 71 , the sight line conspire
Page 127 and 128: c) The Waterworks and Carl Theodor
Page 129 and 130: tip. The lightning conductors were
Page 131 and 132: horologist, André Le Paute Mayer b
Page 133 and 134: ecentissimisque observationibus et
Page 135 and 136: VI. Schwetzingen - Historical Conte
Page 137 and 138: Calvinists, over the use of the Hei
Page 139 and 140: 2. History of the Town of Schwetzin
Page 141 and 142: their properties when the new north
Page 143 and 144: The Twentieth Century to the Presen
Page 145 and 146: The New Town is Born The timing of
Page 147 and 148: Development North of the Market-Pla
Page 149 and 150: The foundations for the new two-sto
Page 151 and 152: ) History of the Palace 1. The Orig
Page 153 and 154: Origins A “fort” at “Sweczing
Page 155 and 156: Friedrich V and the Aftermath of th
Page 157: oofed passage; the remains of this
Page 161 and 162: locks. The masonry is regular, and
Page 163 and 164: Friedrich V and the Conversion of t
Page 165 and 166: Fig. 8: Findings 8 - Inscription on
Page 167 and 168: VI. Schwetzingen - Historical Conte
Page 169 and 170: uilding done in 1715/16). Seen from
Page 171 and 172: 2. The Palace Interior Through the
Page 173 and 174: into random, occasionally fanciful
Page 175 and 176: A number of institutions were house
Page 177 and 178: honour wings, a golden yellow, to e
Page 179 and 180: the history of the Schwetzingen ora
Page 181 and 182: In 1731, Johann Friedrich Armand vo
Page 183 and 184: The Origins of the Palace Gardens a
Page 185 and 186: hunting park. The dilapidated Upper
Page 187 and 188: “berceaux en treillage”, i.e. l
Page 189 and 190: However, as the southern one is des
Page 191 and 192: that was begun in 1764 and created
Page 193 and 194: displayed a collection of alpine pl
Page 195 and 196: drew up an inventory of the Schwetz
Page 197 and 198: touched any of the shores, a featur
Page 199 and 200: Neckar valleys” 6 , as the anonym
Page 201 and 202: inscriptions was faithfully recorde
Page 203 and 204: I would not like to add my own to s
Page 205 and 206: fled from the persecution of Art. I
Page 207 and 208: 2. The Schwetzinger Festspiele: the
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VI. Schwetzingen - Historical Conte
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VII. Appendices a) Biographies (Man
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was begun with the intention that t
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Elector’s scholarly and artistic
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In 1792/93, with the Palatinate wes
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were involved in building sets and
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sculptor of Duke Leopold of Lorrain
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sculptor, Mr. Lamini, has fashioned
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At the age of about twenty, Nicolas
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de Pigage. Two plans by his hand su
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At Mannheim the most important work
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in two editions together with Georg
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1776 Physicist Johann Jakob Hemmer
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detail, inspired by late Baroque bu
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Carl-Theodor-Straße 9 (Flstnr. 374
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Forsthausstraße (Flstnr. 425) Leim
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Hebelstraße 4 (Flstnr. 179/1) Shar
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Karlsruher Straße 2a, (Flstnr. 434
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Lessingstraße 35 - cf. Lessingstra
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Marstallstraße 12 (Flstnr. 498/1)
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Schlossplatz 2 (Flstnr. 262) Confer
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Zeller and retaining the tower of t
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Zeyherstraße 2 (Flstnr. 219) Resid
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Beringer 1902 - Joseph August Berin
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Freund 1923 - Karl Freund, „Die T
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Heber/Seeliger-Zeiss 1974 - Wiltrud
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Kollnig 1993 - Karl Kollnig, Die Ku
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Mörz 1997 - Stefan Mörz, Die letz
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Schwab 1840 - Franz Schwab, Beschre
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Was bleibt. Markgrafenschätze aus
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Zeyher/Roemer 1815 - Johann Michael
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92 88 87 89 90 91 16 8 86 52 15 14
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