Schwetzingen - Schlösser-Magazin

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VI. Fig. 3: Nicolas de Pigage, 1762, design for the palace garden and hunting park (Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen). 182 VI. Schwetzingen – Historical Context Palace Extension Under Elector Carl Theodor Between 1748 and 1750, Elector Palatine Carl Theodor 19 ordered a new orangery to be erected at Schwetzingen. The structure went up north of the palace and was called the northern quarter-circle pavilion for its distinctive ground plan. Its location still allowed for the possibility of building an entire new palace, west of the new pavilion, and laying out the garden to the south. The architect in charge was Alessandro Galli da Bibiena. After his death in 1748, the responsibility briefly passed to Guillaume d’Hauberat 20 before Nicolas de Pigage 21 took over as architect in charge. 22 At the same time, work started on the new marketplace, today’s palace square, using Bibiena’s designs; in this way the main entrance to the palace received a grand architectural setting. The decision to forego the building of a new palace was made in 1750, which also settled the question of where to build the second quarter-circle pavilion. On 8th June 1753, the architect Franz Wilhelm Rabaliatti 23 was commissioned to oversee its construction. Work must have progressed rapidly, for by the summer of 1754, Court Plasterer Giuseppe Antonio Albuccio 24 was at work decorating the rooms. 25 The quarter-circle pavilions served as orangeries and as a setting for court functions. The building of the second one determined the layout of the garden, and in 1753, work on the open spaces started. 19 Elector Palatine Carl Theodor, 1724-1799, r. 1743-1799, Elector of Bavaria from 1777. 20 Guillaume d’Hauberat, d. 1751, architect. 21 Nicolas de Pigage, 1723-1796, architect and landscape architect. 22 For details see also Wiltrud Heber, Die Arbeiten des Nicolas de Pigage in den ehemals kurpfälzischen Residenzen Mannheim und Schwetzingen, Worms 1986, p. 255. 23 Franz Wilhelm (Francesco) Rabaliatti, 1716-1782, architect. 24 Giuseppe Antonio Albuccio, d. 1776, master plasterer. 25 Heber 1986, p. 293.
The Origins of the Palace Gardens at Schwetzingen A. An Overview of the Development of the Garden The basic design for the Schwetzingen palace garden (see Fig. 2) was provided by Johann Ludwig Petri 26 , head gardener of the Duke of Pfalz-Zweibrücken 27 . Petri came up with the idea of quarter-circular arbour walks facing the pavilions, thus establishing the circular shape of the parterre as a whole. The circle itself was bisected by an elaborate main axis, running west from the palace and continued through an arrangement of bosquets, and further structured by a less showy transverse axis. For the beds, Petri envisioned angloises 28 immediately behind the arbours, and traditional bosquets further west. Avenues of trees lined the central crossing and both sides of the bosquet area. Carl Theodor approved the design on 28th May 1753, and Petri immediately started on its realization. As the pleasure garden would take up the space currently occupied by the kitchen gardens, Petri also laid out a new kitchen garden. After 1756, however, work proceeded very slowly due to financial and staff shortages. When Petri left the Elector’s service at his own request in 1758, only the basins in the parterre, part of the avenues and the arbour walks (without their central and terminal pavilions) had been completed. Independent of the garden itself, work had started in 1757 on a hunting park, the “Sternallee” (“Star avenue”), in a stretch of woodland further southwest. Here, too, things came to a standstill in 1759. In 1761, Nicolas de Pigage took over as chief architect for all the projects. The next year a fresh start was made with a new team. Pigage, supervisor of gardens and water features since 1749, and building director since 1752, was named garden director; Theodor 26 Johann Ludwig Petri, 1714-1794, landscape gardener, head gardener at Zweibrücken. 27 Christian IV von Pfalz-Zweibrücken, 1722-1775. 28 The angloise is a type of bosquet characteristic of the Rococo style; it is described in the section “The angloises” (see below.). VI. Schwetzingen – Historical Context van Wynder 29 was taken on as chief court gardener and Johann Wilhelm Sckell 30 as court gardener. It was necessary to find a new accommodation for the plants in tubs, and so in 1761, Pigage started on a new orangery with its own parterre north of Petri’s pleasure garden; it was first used in the winter of 1762/63. At the same time, work started on the angloise and “natural theatre” adjoining the orangery garden to the west. From 1762 to 1766 the orchard and kitchen gardens, on the southern periphery of the garden, were enlarged and restructured. In 1762, Pigage presented an “ideal design” (cp. Fig. 3) that retained Petri’s basic layout, but extended the bosquet area westwards, concluding with a basin. Those parts of the garden already under construction at the time are depicted quite realistically in the design; the features Pigage envisioned on the southern and western peripheries, however, were never built. The star avenue, in the plan designed to take up more space than the entire garden, was never realized in those dimensions either. 29 Theodor van Wynder, d. 1777, chief court gardener 1762-1777. 30 Johann Wilhelm Sckell,1721 – 1792, court gardener. VI. Fig. 4: Nicolas de Pigage, 1767, execution plan for the enlarging of the garden, original lost (Photo also missing). 183
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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Nomination for Inscription on the U
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V. Science and Technology Contents
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I. Introduction In the eighteenth c
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II. Schwetzingen - Elector Carl The
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lives in small and crammed rooms wh
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of Benrath also served as an assert
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part also that thereby the places,
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Palatine Electorate in 1748, during
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This is clear from the memoires of
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c) Musical Life at the Court of Ele
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The Two-Season Structure: Winter an
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friend Lorenz Hagenauer in Salzburg
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III. Architectural Features a) The
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auditorium and the stage, according
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On the whole, though, Pigage’s dr
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Influences and Models The architect
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et de son bon naturel...”. 9 By t
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Idolino. 17 Both porticoes are deli
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oval basin is surrounded by a white
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to Lunéville from Einville Castle.
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the huge cost of fl. 120 000; this,
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uilding is clearly not meant to be
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probably found in the available gro
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in 1730 and translated into German
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d) The Arabic Insriptions of the Mo
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The Inscriptions of the Interior Al
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“EINSAMKEIT IST BESSER ALS BOESE
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and humour as the European one, and
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e) “… Beyond this lake, finally
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Mythology The building owes its nam
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of St John: “No man cometh unto t
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III. Architectural Features III. 65
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IV. Palace Gardens: Role and Signif
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Antiquity is a trove of model motif
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The four-column Corinthian façade
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three identical façades - has a ma
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with the colossal stags spouting wa
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to which all his subjects were invi
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) The Collection and Cultivation of
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pot plants during the winter, the s
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The Schwetzingen Orchards and Kitch
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„The merit of a natural garden is
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trees and its beautiful layout, and
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are on display. There are some magn
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space, today occupied by the palace
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The long-planned lane cut into the
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oad, where the new crossing had bee
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The interplay between the summer re
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kitchen gardens, Johann van Wynder;
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view, and that for that reason, it
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utterly misplaced. The harmony betw
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of scientific, botanical interests
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IV. Palace Gardens: Role and Signif
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V. Science and Technology a) On the
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affection for Antiquity instilled i
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knowledge and integrated directly i
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The “litmus test” is to analyse
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In contrast to the military tenor o
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the Wittelsbachs. The spectrum rang
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a notably more complex technical ef
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But postponement does not necessari
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Apollo 71 , the sight line conspire
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c) The Waterworks and Carl Theodor
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tip. The lightning conductors were
Page 131 and 132: horologist, André Le Paute Mayer b
Page 133 and 134: ecentissimisque observationibus et
Page 135 and 136: VI. Schwetzingen - Historical Conte
Page 137 and 138: Calvinists, over the use of the Hei
Page 139 and 140: 2. History of the Town of Schwetzin
Page 141 and 142: their properties when the new north
Page 143 and 144: The Twentieth Century to the Presen
Page 145 and 146: The New Town is Born The timing of
Page 147 and 148: Development North of the Market-Pla
Page 149 and 150: The foundations for the new two-sto
Page 151 and 152: ) History of the Palace 1. The Orig
Page 153 and 154: Origins A “fort” at “Sweczing
Page 155 and 156: Friedrich V and the Aftermath of th
Page 157 and 158: oofed passage; the remains of this
Page 159 and 160: The following plans (Building phase
Page 161 and 162: locks. The masonry is regular, and
Page 163 and 164: Friedrich V and the Conversion of t
Page 165 and 166: Fig. 8: Findings 8 - Inscription on
Page 169 and 170: uilding done in 1715/16). Seen from
Page 171 and 172: 2. The Palace Interior Through the
Page 173 and 174: into random, occasionally fanciful
Page 175 and 176: A number of institutions were house
Page 177 and 178: honour wings, a golden yellow, to e
Page 179 and 180: the history of the Schwetzingen ora
Page 181: In 1731, Johann Friedrich Armand vo
Page 185 and 186: hunting park. The dilapidated Upper
Page 187 and 188: “berceaux en treillage”, i.e. l
Page 189 and 190: However, as the southern one is des
Page 191 and 192: that was begun in 1764 and created
Page 193 and 194: displayed a collection of alpine pl
Page 195 and 196: drew up an inventory of the Schwetz
Page 197 and 198: touched any of the shores, a featur
Page 199 and 200: Neckar valleys” 6 , as the anonym
Page 201 and 202: inscriptions was faithfully recorde
Page 203 and 204: I would not like to add my own to s
Page 205 and 206: fled from the persecution of Art. I
Page 207 and 208: 2. The Schwetzinger Festspiele: the
Page 211 and 212: VII. Appendices a) Biographies (Man
Page 213 and 214: was begun with the intention that t
Page 215 and 216: Elector’s scholarly and artistic
Page 217 and 218: In 1792/93, with the Palatinate wes
Page 219 and 220: were involved in building sets and
Page 221 and 222: sculptor of Duke Leopold of Lorrain
Page 223 and 224: sculptor, Mr. Lamini, has fashioned
Page 225 and 226: At the age of about twenty, Nicolas
Page 227 and 228: de Pigage. Two plans by his hand su
Page 229 and 230: At Mannheim the most important work
Page 231 and 232: in two editions together with Georg
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1776 Physicist Johann Jakob Hemmer
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detail, inspired by late Baroque bu
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Carl-Theodor-Straße 9 (Flstnr. 374
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Forsthausstraße (Flstnr. 425) Leim
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Hebelstraße 4 (Flstnr. 179/1) Shar
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Karlsruher Straße 2a, (Flstnr. 434
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Lessingstraße 35 - cf. Lessingstra
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Marstallstraße 12 (Flstnr. 498/1)
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Schlossplatz 2 (Flstnr. 262) Confer
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Zeller and retaining the tower of t
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Zeyherstraße 2 (Flstnr. 219) Resid
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Beringer 1902 - Joseph August Berin
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Freund 1923 - Karl Freund, „Die T
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Heber/Seeliger-Zeiss 1974 - Wiltrud
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Kollnig 1993 - Karl Kollnig, Die Ku
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Mörz 1997 - Stefan Mörz, Die letz
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Schwab 1840 - Franz Schwab, Beschre
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Was bleibt. Markgrafenschätze aus
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Zeyher/Roemer 1815 - Johann Michael
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92 88 87 89 90 91 16 8 86 52 15 14
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