Seitzinger and Lee (2008) who, based on a business as usual (BAU) modeling scenario, estimate a potential doubling of nutrient loading into LMEs around <strong>the</strong> globe by 2050. The LME briefs demonstrate <strong>the</strong> utility of a generic ecosystembased approach that uses comparable time series indicators for each of <strong>the</strong> 5 modules to serve as <strong>the</strong> basis for assessing changing conditions among <strong>the</strong> world’s LMEs. Outreach and educational uses of <strong>the</strong> UNEP LME Report: By identifying <strong>the</strong> impacts of ecosystem drivers of alteration such as nutrient over-enrichment, pollution, over-fishing, and global warming, <strong>the</strong> UNEP LME report serves as a useful scientific reference as well as an educational and outreach document. The information is both quantitative and comparative, with lessons to be learned from comparing <strong>the</strong> marine geography, LME productivity, fish and fisheries, pollution and ecosystem health, socioeconomics, and governance conditions between and amongst <strong>the</strong> 64 LMEs. The briefs pertaining to <strong>the</strong> 16 LMEs for which <strong>the</strong> GEF has funded projects provide fur<strong>the</strong>r detail on <strong>the</strong>ir progress in turning <strong>the</strong> corner to recover depleted fisheries, reduce coastal pollution, and restore damaged habitats. The report is intended for use by educators, scientists, resource managers and <strong>the</strong> general public. The entire report can be downloaded from <strong>the</strong> LME website at: www.lme.noaa.gov/. To obtain a hard copy of <strong>the</strong> UNEP LME Report, please contact: NOAA <strong>Large</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Ecosystem Program, Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. Tel: +1 401 782-3211; FAX: +1 401 782-3201. Emails: Kenneth.Sherman@noaa.gov, MC.Aquarone@ noaa.gov. References Levin SA, Lubchenco J. 2008. Resilience, robustness, and marine ecosystem-based management. BioScience 58(1): 27-32. Lubchenco J. 1994. The scientific basis of ecosystem management. Framing <strong>the</strong> context, language, and goals. In: Zinn J, Corn ML, editors. Ecosystem Management Status and Potential: 103 rd Congress, 2d Session, Committee Print. U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents. 33-39. Pauly D, Alder J, Booth S, Cheung WWL, Close C, Sumaila UR, Swartz W, Tavakolie A, Watson R, Wood L, and o<strong>the</strong>rs. 2008. Fisheries in large marine ecosystems. Descriptions and diagnoses. In: Sherman K, Hempel G, editors. The UNEP <strong>Large</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> <strong>Ecosystems</strong> Report: A Perspective on Changing Conditions in LMEs of <strong>the</strong> World’s Regional Seas. Nairobi: UNEP. Seitzinger S. and R. Lee. 2008. Land-based Sources of Nutrients to <strong>Large</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> <strong>Ecosystems</strong>. In: Sherman K, Hempel G, editors. The UNEP <strong>Large</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> <strong>Ecosystems</strong> Report: A Perspective on Changing Conditions in LMEs of <strong>the</strong> World’s Regional Seas. Nairobi: UNEP. Sherman K, Belkin I, Friedland KD, O’Reilly J, Hyde K. 2009. Accelerated warming and emergent trends in fisheries biomass yields of <strong>the</strong> world’s large marine ecosystems. Ambio 38(4): 215-224. [note: expanded version in UNEP LME Report 2008] 126
Sherman K, Hempel G, editors. 2008. The UNEP <strong>Large</strong> <strong>Marine</strong> Ecosystem Report: A perspective on changing conditions in LMEs of <strong>the</strong> world’s Regional Seas, UNEP Regional Seas Report and Studies No. 182. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. 872p. Sponberg, A. 2008. Public Affairs: Yes, Science does matter! Limnology & Oceanography Bulletin, June. 17(2): 47-50. 127
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Sustaining the World’s Large Mari
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Preface This volume, Sustaining the
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describing practical applications o
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Contents Preface iii Contents vii G
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GEF Support for the Global Movement
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ozone depletion, and international
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These processes are critical for in
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(BCLME) project serves as a success
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Ultimately, each nation must find a
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freshwater basins to reverse natura
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Indicators of Changing States of La
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engaged in the preparation and impl
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levels below fish in the marine foo
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LME observations are integrated int
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Sea surface temperature: The Earth
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een applying ecosystem-based method
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Figure 14. Value of reported landin
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3) Pollution and Ecosystem Health M
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The Global Environment Facility (GE
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eing used to hindcast and forecast
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Using N yield (kg N per km 2 waters
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ecosystems (Galloway et al. 2004) w
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Somali Coastal Current Guinea Curre
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At the LME scale, Hoagland and Jin
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are all actively involved in reachi
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waste disposal, transportation, rec
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The paradigm shift toward ecosystem
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Hoagland P, Jin D. 2006. Accounting
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Trenberth KE, Jones PD, Ambenje P,
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Figure 1. The Benguela Currrent Lar
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The workshop used a logic framework
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The institutional arrangements outl
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The Benguela Current Commission sta
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November 2006. LMEs, GOOS, GEOSS an
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Benguela - Current of Plenty 2008 -
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estimated at 30 years. These featur
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Since the 1940s, the accelerated in
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Over the years the BSRP has produce
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and with the Swedish Meteorological
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Landings in Baltic Sea LME Figure 3
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has been instrumental in the prepar
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