Sustaining the World's Large Marine Ecosystems

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Figure 1. The Benguela Currrent Large Marine Ecosystem: boundaries, bathymetric features and circulation. 52
The development of the BCLME project proposal known as the Project Development Facility (PDF) phase was a long and complicated process taking over two years to complete, but it was viewed as essential in laying down the groundwork and structures for the very successful implementation phase. It was carried out in 1997-2000 and consisted of the following milestones: a) Synthesis and assessment of information on the BCLME This important part of the process was the gathering of data to synthesize and assess the existing information which was then compiled into a suite of six comprehensive reports on fisheries, oceanography and environmental variability, marine diamond mining, the coastal zone, offshore oil and gas and socioeconomics. These reports that identified key issues, threats and gaps in knowledge, were reviewed by experts and submitted as supporting appendices with the PDF proposal to the GEF. b) First Stakeholder Workshop – Broad Consultations The first stakeholder workshop was held in Cape Town in July 1998. It brought together the key players and stakeholders from the region as well as representatives from outside international agencies. This workshop was an important milestone in building trust, co-operation and consensus on forging a way ahead for the development of a co-ordinated integrated approach to BCLME management. The use of a professional moderator ensured broad involvement and a bottom up approach with regional scientists and managers driving the agenda. The workshop defined the broad issues and agreed on a work plan that outlined responsibilities and a timetable to achieve the necessary actions. It also established formal mechanisms for communication and consultation between key stakeholders. There was broad stakeholder participation including from all the government ministries and relevant agencies, the three countries, and from the commercial and artisanal fisheries sectors, mining, oil and gas, port authorities, tourism sectors, various NGOs and some donor agencies. c) Second Stakeholder Workshop – Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) The second regional workshop, smaller and more focused, was tasked with developing a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) for the BCLME. It was held in Okahandja, Namibia in April 1999 and was attended by key government ministries from the region as well as by representatives of the private sector, NGOs, donors and GEF consultants. The main objective of the workshop was to define and agree on the major elements of the TDA, achieve consensus on a framework for the Strategic Action Plan (SAP), and ensure ownership of the process and outputs by the stakeholders. 53
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Sustaining the World’s Large Mari
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Preface This volume, Sustaining the
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describing practical applications o
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Contents Preface iii Contents vii G
Page 9 and 10: GEF Support for the Global Movement
Page 11 and 12: ozone depletion, and international
Page 13 and 14: These processes are critical for in
Page 15 and 16: (BCLME) project serves as a success
Page 17 and 18: Ultimately, each nation must find a
Page 19 and 20: freshwater basins to reverse natura
Page 21 and 22: Indicators of Changing States of La
Page 23 and 24: engaged in the preparation and impl
Page 25 and 26: levels below fish in the marine foo
Page 27 and 28: LME observations are integrated int
Page 29 and 30: Sea surface temperature: The Earth
Page 31 and 32: een applying ecosystem-based method
Page 33 and 34: Figure 14. Value of reported landin
Page 35 and 36: 3) Pollution and Ecosystem Health M
Page 37 and 38: The Global Environment Facility (GE
Page 39 and 40: eing used to hindcast and forecast
Page 41 and 42: Using N yield (kg N per km 2 waters
Page 43 and 44: ecosystems (Galloway et al. 2004) w
Page 45 and 46: Somali Coastal Current Guinea Curre
Page 47 and 48: At the LME scale, Hoagland and Jin
Page 49 and 50: are all actively involved in reachi
Page 51 and 52: waste disposal, transportation, rec
Page 53 and 54: The paradigm shift toward ecosystem
Page 55 and 56: Hoagland P, Jin D. 2006. Accounting
Page 57: Trenberth KE, Jones PD, Ambenje P,
Page 62 and 63: The workshop used a logic framework
Page 64 and 65: The institutional arrangements outl
Page 66 and 67: The Benguela Current Commission sta
Page 68 and 69: November 2006. LMEs, GOOS, GEOSS an
Page 70 and 71: Benguela - Current of Plenty 2008 -
Page 72 and 73: estimated at 30 years. These featur
Page 74 and 75: Since the 1940s, the accelerated in
Page 76 and 77: Over the years the BSRP has produce
Page 78 and 79: and with the Swedish Meteorological
Page 80 and 81: Landings in Baltic Sea LME Figure 3
Page 82 and 83: has been instrumental in the prepar
Page 85 and 86: Changing States of the Yellow Sea L
Page 87 and 88: The Yellow Sea LME lies in the warm
Page 89 and 90: As a result, larger, higher trophic
Page 91 and 92: Figure 6. Serious eutrophication, h
Page 93 and 94: competitive species uses the surplu
Page 95 and 96: system based on sustainable food pr
Page 97 and 98: Some Considerations of Fisheries Ma
Page 99 and 100: already happened. Moreover, most fi
Page 101 and 102: important scientific information to
Page 103 and 104: (i) IMTA of abalone and kelp Figure
Page 105 and 106: The purpose of this activity is to
Page 107 and 108: UNDP/GEF (2007a) Transboundary diag
Page 109 and 110: The IUCN Support of Marine Protecte
Page 111 and 112:
potential of coastal and marine fis
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activities to support local uses of
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The percentage of protection is sti
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women, were further key aspects of
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Future Needs of the LME Approach Wo
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those goals in mind, BCLME became a
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2007 was a step in that direction.
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Outreach and Education for Ecosyste
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A second phase, from the mid 1990s
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acidification and nutrient over-enr
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Tide” that surprised me is that i
Page 133 and 134:
The UNEP LME Report (2008): Global
Page 135 and 136:
Sherman K, Hempel G, editors. 2008.
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ANNEX 1986 Vol. 1 1989 Vol. 2 Publi
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1991 Vol. 4 1993 Vol. 5 Sherman, K.
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of the United States H. A. Walker K
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25. Summary and recommendations E.
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Part IV. Assessment of ecologic str
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2003 Vol. 12 dynamics 8. Physico-ch
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14. Applications of the large marin
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Sustaining the World's Large Marine Ecosystems

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