Sustaining the World's Large Marine Ecosystems

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The workshop used a logic framework analysis process and focused on three main areas of programme activities: (a) resource use; (b) environmental variability; and (c) pollution and ecosystem health. The essential elements of the TDA were identified and prioritised by smaller working groups following the path (issues > problems > causes > impacts > risks > uncertainties > socio-economic consequences > transboundary consequences > activities/solutions > priorities > outputs > costs) outlined in Figure 2. What the working groups produced formed the basis for developing a comprehensive TDA report which led to the development of the SAP. A framework for the SAP was also defined by the stakeholders, for later development by a small group of experts into a more comprehensive document. The TDA workshop produced excellent results and generated a great spirit of cooperation and goodwill among the participants of the three countries. Figure 2. Major transboundary problems of the BCLME and generic root causes as determined by the TDA process. 54
The main issues and threats identified by the stakeholders to be addressed by the SAP were: The sustainable utilisation and management of resources • The facilitation of optimal harvesting of living marine resources • An assessment of seabed mining and drilling impacts and policy harmonisation • A responsible development of mariculture • The protection of vulnerable species and habitats • An assessment of non-harvested species and their role in the ecosystem. Assessments of environmental variability, ecosystem impacts, and improvement of predictability • Reducing uncertainty and improving predictability • Capacity building and strengthening • Management of consequences of harmful algal blooms. The maintenance of ecosystem health and the management of pollution • The improvement of water quality • The prevention and management of oil spills • The reduction of marine litter • The reversal of habitat destruction and habitat alteration • The conservation of biodiversity. d) The Strategic Action Plan (SAP) The SAP was developed as a concise planning document that outlined the principles and policy actions necessary for the integrated management of the BCLME based on an ecosystems approach. The draft was produced by a small working group and later circulated to the stakeholders for comments. The document clearly defined the challenges facing the BCLME region, established principles fundamental to integrated management, and specified the nature, scope and timetable for deliverable policy actions based on the TDA. It also provided details on the required institutional arrangements, elaborated on how to achieve wider cooperation, and specified how the BCLME project would be financed during the start-up and implementation phase for long-term sustainability. The SAP adopted the precautionary approach for fisheries, the use of clean technologies, and the principle of transparency and public participation. It included environmental health in all its policy and sectoral plans. The SAP called upon the three countries to pursue a policy of co-financing with industry and donor agencies. 55
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Sustaining the World’s Large Mari
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Preface This volume, Sustaining the
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describing practical applications o
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Contents Preface iii Contents vii G
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GEF Support for the Global Movement
Page 11 and 12: ozone depletion, and international
Page 13 and 14: These processes are critical for in
Page 15 and 16: (BCLME) project serves as a success
Page 17 and 18: Ultimately, each nation must find a
Page 19 and 20: freshwater basins to reverse natura
Page 21 and 22: Indicators of Changing States of La
Page 23 and 24: engaged in the preparation and impl
Page 25 and 26: levels below fish in the marine foo
Page 27 and 28: LME observations are integrated int
Page 29 and 30: Sea surface temperature: The Earth
Page 31 and 32: een applying ecosystem-based method
Page 33 and 34: Figure 14. Value of reported landin
Page 35 and 36: 3) Pollution and Ecosystem Health M
Page 37 and 38: The Global Environment Facility (GE
Page 39 and 40: eing used to hindcast and forecast
Page 41 and 42: Using N yield (kg N per km 2 waters
Page 43 and 44: ecosystems (Galloway et al. 2004) w
Page 45 and 46: Somali Coastal Current Guinea Curre
Page 47 and 48: At the LME scale, Hoagland and Jin
Page 49 and 50: are all actively involved in reachi
Page 51 and 52: waste disposal, transportation, rec
Page 53 and 54: The paradigm shift toward ecosystem
Page 55 and 56: Hoagland P, Jin D. 2006. Accounting
Page 57: Trenberth KE, Jones PD, Ambenje P,
Page 60 and 61: Figure 1. The Benguela Currrent Lar
Page 64 and 65: The institutional arrangements outl
Page 66 and 67: The Benguela Current Commission sta
Page 68 and 69: November 2006. LMEs, GOOS, GEOSS an
Page 70 and 71: Benguela - Current of Plenty 2008 -
Page 72 and 73: estimated at 30 years. These featur
Page 74 and 75: Since the 1940s, the accelerated in
Page 76 and 77: Over the years the BSRP has produce
Page 78 and 79: and with the Swedish Meteorological
Page 80 and 81: Landings in Baltic Sea LME Figure 3
Page 82 and 83: has been instrumental in the prepar
Page 85 and 86: Changing States of the Yellow Sea L
Page 87 and 88: The Yellow Sea LME lies in the warm
Page 89 and 90: As a result, larger, higher trophic
Page 91 and 92: Figure 6. Serious eutrophication, h
Page 93 and 94: competitive species uses the surplu
Page 95 and 96: system based on sustainable food pr
Page 97 and 98: Some Considerations of Fisheries Ma
Page 99 and 100: already happened. Moreover, most fi
Page 101 and 102: important scientific information to
Page 103 and 104: (i) IMTA of abalone and kelp Figure
Page 105 and 106: The purpose of this activity is to
Page 107 and 108: UNDP/GEF (2007a) Transboundary diag
Page 109 and 110: The IUCN Support of Marine Protecte
Page 111 and 112: potential of coastal and marine fis
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activities to support local uses of
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The percentage of protection is sti
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women, were further key aspects of
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Future Needs of the LME Approach Wo
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those goals in mind, BCLME became a
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2007 was a step in that direction.
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Outreach and Education for Ecosyste
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A second phase, from the mid 1990s
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acidification and nutrient over-enr
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Tide” that surprised me is that i
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The UNEP LME Report (2008): Global
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Sherman K, Hempel G, editors. 2008.
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ANNEX 1986 Vol. 1 1989 Vol. 2 Publi
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1991 Vol. 4 1993 Vol. 5 Sherman, K.
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of the United States H. A. Walker K
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25. Summary and recommendations E.
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Part IV. Assessment of ecologic str
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2003 Vol. 12 dynamics 8. Physico-ch
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14. Applications of the large marin
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