Sustaining the World's Large Marine Ecosystems

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Scientific Support An essential component of effective ecosystem management is the inclusion of a scientifically based strategy to monitor and assess the changing states and health of the ecosystem by tracking key biological and environmental parameters (Sherman and Laughlin 1992; Sherman 1995). Under this requirement the Strategic Action Program supported by the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) for the Yellow Sea LME is currently underway. (UNDP/GEF 2009) Figure 8. The relationship between ecological conversion efficiency and trophic level in high trophic levels in the Yellow Sea ecosystem, (LH), low Trophic level (TL) and high Energy Conversion Efficiency (ECE): rednose anchovy, sand lance, gizzard shad and finespot goby. H.L., high TL and low ECE: red seabream, black porgy, tiger puffer, fat greenling, black rockfish, and chub mackerel. From Tang et al. 2007. The long-term objective of the project is to ensure environmentally sustainable management and use of the Yellow Sea LME and its watershed by reducing stress and promoting the sustainable development of a marine ecosystem that is bordered by a densely populated, heavily urbanized, and industrialized coastal area (Project Brief of the Yellow Sea LME, 2000). In order to further understand the Yellow Sea LME, the ongoing China-GLOBEC III/IMBER I Program, entitled “Key Processes and Sustainable Mechanisms of Ecosystem Food Production in the Coastal Ocean of China” (Tang et al. 2005), has been approved for the National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of the People’s Republic of China (2006-2010). The program goals are to identify key processes of food production in the coastal and shelf ecosystems and provide a scientific basis for ensuring food supply in the new century, by establishing a marine management 86 Energy conversion efficiency (%) 50 25 0 L.H. H.L. y = -14.423x + 81.063 R 2 = 0.6176 2.6 3.4 4.2 5 Trophic Level ??
system based on sustainable food production and protection of the ecosystem before the year 2015. Therefore, it is necessary to promote further synergies with other research projects and establish joint programmes for monitoring and assessment for ecosystem-based management in the Yellow Sea LME: • Monitoring and assessing the changing states and health of the ecosystem represents a scientifically based strategy for effective ecosystem management and recovery. • A comprehensive process-oriented study of ecosystem goods and services should be considered, for a better understanding of the interactions among the important physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the ecosystem. This will increase the predictive capability of Yellow Sea LME managers. References Gu, X. et al., (eds.). 1990. Marine fishery environment of China. Zhejiang Science and Technology Press. In Chinese. Guan, B. 1963. A preliminary study of the temperature variations and the characteristics of the circulation of the cold water mass of the Yellow Sea. Oceanol. Limnol. Sin. 5(4): 255-284. Ho, C., Y. Wang, Z. Lei, and S. Xu. 1959. A preliminary study of formation of Yellow Sea cold water mass and its properties. Oceanol. Limnol. Sin. 2: 11-15.In Chinese. Lin, C, X Ning, J Su, Y Lin and B Xu. 2005. Environmental changes and the responses of the ecosystems of the Yellow Sea during 1976-2000. Journal of Marine Systems, 55: 223-234. Liu, X. 1979. Status of fishery resources in the Bohai and Yellow Seas. Mar. fish. Res. Paper 26: 1-17. In Chinese. Sherman, K. 1995. Achieving regional cooperation in the management of marine ecosystems: the use the large marine ecosystem approach. Ocean & Coastal Management, 29(1-3): 165- 185. Sherman, K. and T. Laughlin. 1992. Large marine ecosystems monitoring workshop report. U. S. Dept of Commerce, NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-F/NEC-93. Tang, Q. 1981. A preliminary study on the causes of fluctuations on year class size of Pacific herring in the Yellow Sea. Trans. Oceanol. Limnol. 2: 37-45. In Chinese. Tang, Q. 1989. Changes in the biomass of the Yellow Sea ecosystem. In K. Sherman and L. M. Alexander (eds.), Biomass yields and geography of large marine ecosystem. AAAS Selected Symposium 111. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 7-35. Tang, Q. 1993. Effects of long-term physical and biological perturbations on the contemporary biomass yields of the Yellow Sea ecosystem. In K. Sherman, L. M. Alexander, and B. D. Gold (eds.), Large Marine Ecosystems: stress, mitigation, and sustainability. Washington, DC: AAAS Press, pp. 79-83. Tang, Q. 1995. The effects of climate change on resources population in the Yellow Sea ecosystem. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 121: 97—105. Tang, Q. 2003. The Yellow Sea LME and mitigation action. In G. Hempel and K. Sherman (eds.), Large Marine Ecosystem of the World: Trends in exploitation, protection and research. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp.121-144. Tang, Q., X. Guo, Y. Sun and B. Zhang. 2007. Ecological conversion efficiency and its influencers in twelve species of fish in the Yellow Sea Ecosystem. J. Marine Ecosystems, 67: 282-291. Tang, Q., X. Jin, J. Wang. 2003. Decadal-scale variation of ecosystem productivity and control mechanisms in the Bohai Sea. Fishery Oceanography, 12(4/5): 223-233. 87
Page 1 and 2:
Sustaining the World’s Large Mari
Page 3 and 4:
Preface This volume, Sustaining the
Page 5 and 6:
describing practical applications o
Page 7 and 8:
Contents Preface iii Contents vii G
Page 9 and 10:
GEF Support for the Global Movement
Page 11 and 12:
ozone depletion, and international
Page 13 and 14:
These processes are critical for in
Page 15 and 16:
(BCLME) project serves as a success
Page 17 and 18:
Ultimately, each nation must find a
Page 19 and 20:
freshwater basins to reverse natura
Page 21 and 22:
Indicators of Changing States of La
Page 23 and 24:
engaged in the preparation and impl
Page 25 and 26:
levels below fish in the marine foo
Page 27 and 28:
LME observations are integrated int
Page 29 and 30:
Sea surface temperature: The Earth
Page 31 and 32:
een applying ecosystem-based method
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 14. Value of reported landin
Page 35 and 36:
3) Pollution and Ecosystem Health M
Page 37 and 38:
The Global Environment Facility (GE
Page 39 and 40:
eing used to hindcast and forecast
Page 41 and 42:
Using N yield (kg N per km 2 waters
Page 43 and 44: ecosystems (Galloway et al. 2004) w
Page 45 and 46: Somali Coastal Current Guinea Curre
Page 47 and 48: At the LME scale, Hoagland and Jin
Page 49 and 50: are all actively involved in reachi
Page 51 and 52: waste disposal, transportation, rec
Page 53 and 54: The paradigm shift toward ecosystem
Page 55 and 56: Hoagland P, Jin D. 2006. Accounting
Page 57: Trenberth KE, Jones PD, Ambenje P,
Page 60 and 61: Figure 1. The Benguela Currrent Lar
Page 62 and 63: The workshop used a logic framework
Page 64 and 65: The institutional arrangements outl
Page 66 and 67: The Benguela Current Commission sta
Page 68 and 69: November 2006. LMEs, GOOS, GEOSS an
Page 70 and 71: Benguela - Current of Plenty 2008 -
Page 72 and 73: estimated at 30 years. These featur
Page 74 and 75: Since the 1940s, the accelerated in
Page 76 and 77: Over the years the BSRP has produce
Page 78 and 79: and with the Swedish Meteorological
Page 80 and 81: Landings in Baltic Sea LME Figure 3
Page 82 and 83: has been instrumental in the prepar
Page 85 and 86: Changing States of the Yellow Sea L
Page 87 and 88: The Yellow Sea LME lies in the warm
Page 89 and 90: As a result, larger, higher trophic
Page 91 and 92: Figure 6. Serious eutrophication, h
Page 93: competitive species uses the surplu
Page 97 and 98: Some Considerations of Fisheries Ma
Page 99 and 100: already happened. Moreover, most fi
Page 101 and 102: important scientific information to
Page 103 and 104: (i) IMTA of abalone and kelp Figure
Page 105 and 106: The purpose of this activity is to
Page 107 and 108: UNDP/GEF (2007a) Transboundary diag
Page 109 and 110: The IUCN Support of Marine Protecte
Page 111 and 112: potential of coastal and marine fis
Page 113 and 114: activities to support local uses of
Page 115 and 116: The percentage of protection is sti
Page 117 and 118: women, were further key aspects of
Page 119 and 120: Future Needs of the LME Approach Wo
Page 121 and 122: those goals in mind, BCLME became a
Page 123 and 124: 2007 was a step in that direction.
Page 125 and 126: Outreach and Education for Ecosyste
Page 127 and 128: A second phase, from the mid 1990s
Page 129 and 130: acidification and nutrient over-enr
Page 131 and 132: Tide” that surprised me is that i
Page 133 and 134: The UNEP LME Report (2008): Global
Page 135 and 136: Sherman K, Hempel G, editors. 2008.
Page 137 and 138: ANNEX 1986 Vol. 1 1989 Vol. 2 Publi
Page 139 and 140: 1991 Vol. 4 1993 Vol. 5 Sherman, K.
Page 141 and 142: of the United States H. A. Walker K
Page 143 and 144: 25. Summary and recommendations E.
Page 145 and 146:
Part IV. Assessment of ecologic str
Page 147 and 148:
2003 Vol. 12 dynamics 8. Physico-ch
Page 149 and 150:
14. Applications of the large marin
show all

Sustaining the World's Large Marine Ecosystems

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?