Preliminary-Blueprint-Eng

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3-25 expenditure of the Ministry only.)Several measures can be used to compare the Ministry’s expenditure on education with that of other systems. The first two—expenditure as a percentage of GDP and as a percentage of total government spending—are typically used to account for expenditure relative to other priorities in the country, and for the differences in economic development levels between countries. The third, expenditure per student (adjusted for purchasing power parity) is used to compare absolute spending levels. Malaysia’s expenditure as a percentage of GDP is twice the ASEAN average The 2011 World Bank review of government expenditure found that Malaysia’s public expenditure on basic education, such as preschool through to secondary, as a percentage of GDP is more than double that of other ASEAN countries (3.8% versus 1.8%), and 1.6% higher than the Asian Tiger economies of South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore (Exhibit 3-31). It is also slightly higher than the OECD average of 3.4%. EXHIBIT 3-31 Malaysia’s basic education expenditure as a percentage of GDP Percent (2011) 3.81 Malaysia 1.80 ASEAN average 1 Includes operating expenditure and capital/development expenditure SOURCE: World Bank EdStats 2011 3.41 OECD average Malaysia’s expenditure as a percentage of total government spending (16%) is almost double that of the OECD average The expenditure on education as a percentage of total government spending is also relatively high, at 16% in 2011. In comparison with regional peers of Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan, as well as GDP per capita peers of Mexico and Chile, Malaysia is second only to Thailand. Malaysia’s expenditure is also almost double that of the OECD average of 8.7% of government spending (Exhibit 3-32). EXHIBIT 3-32 Malaysia’s basic education expenditure as a % of government budget Basic education expenditure 1 as % of total government expenditure for Malaysia and peers 2 Percent (2008) 18 16 Malaysia3 Thailand3 14 Mexico 12 Chile 12 Hong Kong 3 1 Includes operating expenditure and capital/development expenditure for basic education (primary and secondary) 2 Peers based on the following categorisation: Asian Tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, S. Korea, Japan); SEA neighbours (Indonesia, Thailand Singapore), and comparable GDP per capita (Mexico and Chile) 3 Data for 2010 Note: Data from 2008 or 2010 depending on latest available data SOURCE: Ministry of Education Malaysia; OECD – Education at a Glance 2011; Singstat; Ministry of Finance Thailand; Ministry of Finance Indonesia; Education Bureau of Hong Kong. 11 Korea 11 9 Indonesia3 Singapore3 7 Japan OECD average 8.7% Malaysia’s spending per student is comparable with peer countries with similar GDP per capita Finally, looking at expenditure on a per student basis reveals that Malaysia’s expenditure is also slightly higher compared to its peers with a similar GDP per capita. Converted to USD per capita for comparison, Malaysia spends approximately USD1,800 on every student per year, which is in line with countries such as Chile and Romania (Exhibit 3-33). EXHIBIT 3-33 Malaysia’s per student expenditure Basic education expenditure 1 per student USD per student per annum (2010) GDP per capita, PPPadjusted (2010) 1,808 1,681 1,350 1 Includes operating expenditure and capital/development expenditure SOURCE: Ministry of Education Malaysia; OECD; World Bank; Ministry of Finance Turkey; EIU. Data from 2010 988 435 Malaysia Chile Romania Turkey Mexico 14,591 15,044 14,287 15,340 14,566
Which countries Spend the most on education? This chapter focuses exclusively on the operating and development expenditure of the Ministry of Education, which spans preschool to post-secondary education. This will thus encompass not just the school-level related costs of teacher salaries and infrastructure development, but also the ministry, state, and district-level related EXHIBIT 3-34 Comparison of Malaysia’s basic and tertiary education budget with other countries (2008) Education expenditure for all levels 1 as % of total government expenditure Percent (2008) Thailand ranked no. 7 Malaysia ranked 16 th Mexico ranked no. 18 Hong Kong ranked no. 21 Singapore ranked no. 32 Chile ranked no. 42 Vanuatu Tanzania UAE Morocco Kyrgyzstan Côte d’Ivoire Thailand Lesotho Ethiopia Costa Rica Tunisia Ghana Namibia Burundi Swaziland Malaysia Peru Mexico Rwanda Algeria Hong Kong Iran Moldova Vietnam Aruba Benin Saudi Arabia Guinea Nepal Senegal Uganda Singapore Tajikistan Belize New Zealand Cuba Mali Brazil Cyprus Cameroon Philippines Chile Cape Verde Switzerland Gambia South Africa Niger Norway Yemen Togo Korea Barbados Fiji Sierra Leone Colombia Denmark Latvia Estonia Argentina Macau Bangladesh Armenia United States Israel Madagascar Samoa Ireland Lithuania Iceland Sweden Indonesia Saint Lucia Belgium Australia Mauritius Finland Bulgaria Canada Laos Liberia Maldives Egypt Netherlands Poland Slovenia Central Africa Timor-Leste Bahrain Dominica Portugal Austria Spain United Kingdom Anguilla France Germany Hungary Slovakia Slovak Republic Czech Republic Japan Italy 1 Education expenditure for levels refers to spend on basic education through tertiary education levels for year 2008 as the latest available year SOURCE: World Bank 2008; OECD 2008; local Ministry websites Korea ranked no. 51 Indonesia ranked no. 71 Malaysia Education <strong>Blueprint</strong> 2013 - 2025 Chapter 3 Current Performance costs of operations. While the cost of providing higher education by MOHE is not included here, it is worth noting that, combined, Malaysia has one of the highest education expenditures as a percentage of total public spending. In 2008, of 102 countries worldwide, Malaysia was ranked 16 th in terms of government spending on education (Exhibit 3-34). 102 countries Regional peers Comparable GDP per capita Other countries Japan ranked no. 101 OECD 12.9 3-26
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Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013 -
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CHAPTER 1 CONTExT AND
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TION Our education system has been
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Delivering the shifts in achievemen
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CHAPTER 5 TEACHERS AND SCHOOL LEADE
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CHAPTER 4 CURRICUlUM AND ASSESSMENT
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CHAPTER 8 SEQUENCINg THE TRANSfORMA
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E-1 executive summary In October 20
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E-3 significant and sustained inves
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E-5 timss and Pisa international as
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E-7 challenges remain in achieving
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E-9 aspiratiOns fOr the malaysian e
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E-11 shift 1: provide equal access
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E-13 shift 3: develop values-driven
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E-15 Eleven shifts to transform the
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E-17 shift 5: ensure high-performin
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E-19 shift 7: leverage ict to scale
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E-21 shift 9: partner with parents,
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E-23 What Impact Will This Transfor
Page 46 and 47: E-25 EXHIBIT 9 the education transf
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Page 53 and 54: Background to the Blueprint In 1957
Page 55 and 56: in 2010 to 95% by the end of Year 2
Page 57 and 58: ▪ Fieldwork at both urban and rur
Page 59: The Ministry acknowledges how impor
Page 62 and 63: 2-1 2. vision and aspirations Every
Page 64 and 65: 2-3 consistently demonstrated that
Page 66 and 67: 2-5 EXHIBIT 2-2 Time spent by stude
Page 68 and 69: 2-7 ▪ Emotional intelligence: pos
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 3 current
Page 73 and 74: EXHIBIT 3-1 Profile of the Malaysia
Page 75 and 76: EXHIBIT 3-3 Educational attainment
Page 77 and 78: EXHIBIT 3-5 Malaysian national exam
Page 79 and 80: Malaysia’s performance in the 200
Page 81 and 82: EXHIBIT 3-12 Comparison of Malaysia
Page 83 and 84: EXHIBIT 3-15 Country performance in
Page 85 and 86: Comparison of results between the T
Page 87 and 88: administration of students’ welfa
Page 89 and 90: EXHIBIT 3-23 Comparison of within-s
Page 91 and 92: EXHIBIT 3-26 Examination results, d
Page 93 and 94: EXHIBIT 3-28 Enrolment rates in dif
Page 95: In general, there are signs of incr
Page 99: As illustrated in this chapter, Mal
Page 102 and 103: 4-1 4. student learning All educati
Page 104 and 105: 4-3 the Written Curriculum The Mini
Page 106 and 107: 4-5 intensifying support systems fo
Page 108 and 109: 4-7 lANguAge The Ministry will aim
Page 110 and 111: 4-9 EXHIBIT 4-6 English and Bahasa
Page 112 and 113: 4-11 setting the stage for structur
Page 114 and 115: 4-13 the roadmap: Working with comm
Page 116 and 117: 4-15 Centres of Excellence for Indi
Page 118 and 119: 4-17 ▪ Special education schools:
Page 120 and 121: 4-19 special award schools The Mini
Page 122 and 123: 4-21 Johor’s Best Practices -- id
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Page 127 and 128: CHAPTER 5 Teachers and
Page 129 and 130: TEACHERS The Ministry will ensure t
Page 131 and 132: EXHIBIT 5-4 Breakdown of academic r
Page 133 and 134: EXHIBIT 5-5 Breakdown of average st
Page 135 and 136: ole) in 25 years. Nonetheless, this
Page 137 and 138: e-Guru Video library The Ministry h
Page 139 and 140: SCHOOl lEADERS The Ministry will en
Page 141 and 142: Reviews indicate that these trainin
Page 143 and 144: Establishing a principal residency
Page 145: Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013 -
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6-1 6. Ministry transformation The
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6-3 EXHIBIT 6-1 selected examples o
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6-5 LinUs case study on strong prog
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6-7 ▪ Federal: The Head Office wi
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6-9 The Ministry will also prioriti
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6-11 The roadmap: maximising studen
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6-13 incorporating outcome-based bu
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6-15 EXHIBIT 6-11 identified gaps i
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6-17 EXHIBIT 6-13 school infrastruc
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6-19 single- and double-session sch
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6-21 One reason usage still appears
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6-23 discussed in Chapter 4, and wi
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6-25
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CHAPTER 7 SyStem
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EXHIBIT 7-1 the Malaysian education
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Preschool education Early Childhood
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EXHIBIT 7-3 Compulsory education po
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partners to improve the industry re
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In addition, there are approximatel
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enhancing the religious education p
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evaluating sports and arts schools
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current system structure to be main
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They will be provided with addition
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education can make a significant di
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launching an engagement toolkit for
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engaging the broader community Scho
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8-1 8. Delivering the roadmap The M
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8-3 Sequencing the tranSformation T
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8-5 EXHIBIT 8-3 the education trans
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8-7 ▪ Enhanced practicum in vocat
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8-9 Delivering Differently A well-c
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8-11 getting StarteD The first year
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G-1 1BestariNet A project to equip
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G-3 IPTS Institut Pengajian Tinggi
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G-5 National dialogue engagement an
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G-7 SK Sekolah Kebangsaan or Nation
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A-1 Appendix i: A Brief History of
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A-3 educatIon develoPment durIng th
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A-5 Appendix ii. Methodology The de
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A-7 analyses conducted By the Pmo T
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A-9 analyses conducted By PuBlIc un
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A-11 roundtable discussions These w
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A-13 Appendix iii: national dialogu
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A-15 Subtopic Example topic raised
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A-17 school quality Subtopic Exampl
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A-19 student learning Subtopic Exam
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A-21 Exhibit iV-1 the universal sca
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A-23 Exhibit V-2 PiSA PISA a A samp
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A-25 Exhibit V-4 PiSA PISA a sample
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A-31 Exhibit V-10 PiSA PISA a sampl
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A-33 Exhibit V-12 PiSA PISA a sampl
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A-35 the education transformation w
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A-37 Appendix Vii: GTp 2.0 educatio
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