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Jarausch W., Danet J. L., Labonne G., Dosba F., Broquaire J. M., Saillard C., Garnier M.,2001. Mapping the spread of apricot chlorotic leaf roll (ACLR) in southern France and implication of Cacopsylla pruni as a vector of European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) phytoplasmas. Plant Pathology 50 : 782-790. Lauterer P., 1999. Results of the investigations on Hemipterain Moravia, made by the Moravian Museum (Psylloidea 2). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae 84 : 71- 151. Lemaire J.M., Julian J.P., Audergon J.M., Castelain C., 1998. Enroulement chlorotique de l’abricotier : symptomatologie et gamme d’hôtes. L’arboriculture fruitière 520 21-24. Lorenz K.H.., Schneider B., Ahrens U., Seemüller E., 1995. Detection of the apple proliferation and pear decline phytoplasmas by PCR amplification of ribosomal and non ribosomal DNA. Phytopathology 85 : 771-776. Maixner, M., Ahrens, U., Seemuller, E., 1995. Detection of the German grapevine yellows (Vergilbungskrankheit) MLO in grapevine, alternative hosts and a vector by a specific PCR procedure. European Journal of Plant Pathology 101 : 241-250. Ossiannilsson F., 1992. The Psylloidea (Homoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. E.J. Brill, Leiden, 347pp. Schneider B., Seemüller E., Smart CD., Kirkpatrick BC., 1995. Phylogenetic classification of plant pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms or phytoplasma. In: Razin R and Tully JG (eds), Molecular and Diagnostic Procedures in Mycoplasmology, Vol 1, pp. 369-380, Academic Press, San Diego. - 64 -
Table 1. Detection of ESFY from C. pruni on a blackthorn hedge. Date : Collected C. pruni Tested C. pruni ESFY detected by nested PCR - 65 - % infected ESFY detected by simple PCR % infected Reimmigrants : 28/02/2002 175 40 2 5.0% 1 2.5% 08/03/2002 220 40 4 10.0% 1 2.5% 12/03/2002 240 60 11 18.3% 1 2.5 a 1.7% 21/03/2002 218 40 1 2.5% 0 2.5 a 0% 27/03/2002 200 60 3 5.0% 1 1.7% 05/04/2002 200 40 4 10.0% 2 5.0% 12/04/2002 47 40 3 7.5% 1 2.5% 18/04/2002 131 40 4 10.0% 0 2.5 a 0% 25/04/2002 60 40 1 2.5% 1 2.5% 30/04/2002 80 40 1 2.5% 1 2.5% 07/05/2002 46 46 15 32.6% 1 2.5 a 2.2% 15/05/2002 8 8 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 24/05/2002 6 6 0 0.0% 0 0.0% New generation : 24/05/2002 200 40 19 47.5% 1 2.5% 29/05/2002 140 64 1 1.6% 13/06/202 109 49 24 49.0% 5 10.2% 19/06/2002 20 20 2 10.0% a Erratum to the published version. Table 2. Detection of ESFY from C. pruni on conifers at 2 overwintering sites. Site 1 : Séranne (700 m) Site 2 : Lingas (1300 m) Date : Collected ESFY detected Date : Collected ESFY detected C. pruni: positive/tested C. pruni: positive/tested: 05/01/2003 9 1 / 8 12/01/2003 * 5 0 / 5 25/01/2003 11 0 / 11 26/01/2003 * 6 0 / 6 08/02/2003 15 0 / 15 29/03/2003 * 22 1 / 22 22/02/2003 20 0 / 18 06/04/2003 * 3 0 / 3 08/03/2003 Change to P. spinosa total * snow on the trees 1 / 52 total 1 / 36
Page 1 and 2:
Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronom
Page 3 and 4:
Glossaire A leur première occurren
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C. Conclusions sur l’étude des v
Page 7 and 8:
Introduction - 7 - « Deux grands m
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l’intensification permanente de l
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Ceci nous amène aux enjeux liés
Page 13 and 14: (b) Coût de la lutte contre l’ES
Page 15 and 16: Royaume- Uni Espagne Allemagne Belg
Page 17 and 18: 1992) ; par contre, le cerisier dou
Page 19 and 20: 6) Vection Le vecteur de l’ESFY (
Page 21 and 22: (b) Caractéristiques de la vection
Page 23 and 24: Conifères ? Rétention du phytopla
Page 25 and 26: Partie I : Identifier des facteurs
Page 27 and 28: Identifying Risk Factors from a Sur
Page 29 and 30: MATERIALS AND METHODS Data Record a
Page 31 and 32: visual inspection of their spatial
Page 33 and 34: Influence of the Risk Factors. The
Page 35 and 36: Model Application This kind of mode
Page 37 and 38: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are much indebt
Page 39 and 40: 42. Seemüller, E., and Schneider,
Page 41 and 42: TABLE 5: Analysis of deviance for e
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 2. Examination of the model fi
Page 45 and 46: II. Bilan Au-delà des effets évid
Page 47 and 48: Partie II : Identifier les cycles b
Page 49 and 50: A toolbox for the specific detectio
Page 51 and 52: Bordeaux). Plant samples were also
Page 53 and 54: cycles). The analyses were performe
Page 55 and 56: The above semi-quantification relie
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Sequence of the primers an
Page 59 and 60: ESFY G1R (X) ESFY G2 (X) AP15R (X)
Page 61 and 62: Survival of European Stone Fruit Ye
Page 63: C. pruni Reimmigrants The percentag
Page 67 and 68: Si l’expérience est répétée d
Page 69 and 70: Il y a cependant deux réserves à
Page 71 and 72: The spread of European stone fruit
Page 73 and 74: inside the cage. The cages were rem
Page 75 and 76: Quantification of ‘Ca. P. prunoru
Page 77 and 78: prunorum’: the infectious reimmig
Page 79 and 80: Table 2. Occurrence of Cacopsylla p
Page 81 and 82: Number of C. pruni on P. spinos 40
Page 83 and 84: V. Bilan sur le fonctionnement de l
Page 85 and 86: Partie III : Tester des hypothèses
Page 87 and 88: émergents migrent dans des massifs
Page 89 and 90: identique à Qc(d) sauf qu’elle e
Page 91 and 92: MATERIALS AND METHODS Characteristi
Page 93 and 94: allows summarising in one graph (i)
Page 95 and 96: (A) (B) Fig. 1. Summary of the spat
Page 97 and 98: Investigating Disease Spread betwee
Page 99 and 100: when some plants may be missing for
Page 101 and 102: the graphical display by an appropr
Page 103 and 104: shows that the proportion of missin
Page 105 and 106: the approach developed by Pélissie
Page 107 and 108: APPENDIX Test 2. This section corre
Page 109 and 110: several types of points. J. R. Stat
Page 111 and 112: TABLE 4. Type I error and power of
Page 113 and 114: Fig. 2. Spatiotemporal pattern of d
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IV. Application à l’analyse de c
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Verger D1-4 Verger BH1 Verger BH2 V
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annuelle (Figure 1 de l’Article V
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consiste à disposer de vergers à
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Partie IV : Synthétiser l’inform
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Tableau 6. Propriétés biologiques
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Conclusion - 127 - « Il importe de
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fonctionnement du système épidém
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Tableau 7. Avantages et inconvénie
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malades correspondrait alors unique
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Expérimentations expérimentales S
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Références bibliographiques - 137
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30. Chabrolin C. (1924) Quelques ma
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86. Institute of Medicine (1992) Em
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138. Morvan G. (1977) Apricot chlor
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190. Torres E., Martin M. P., Paltr
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Annexes - 147 -
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if (estim!=1) W2.99) text(B2,0,past
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if ((sum(Do[1:4])!=0)&(sum(do1D)==0
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III. Annexe 3 : Programme R pour si
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IV. Annexe 4 : “Testing Boolean A
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Testing boolean assumption in the n
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ehavior, which is difficult to obse
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distributed. So, the length distrib
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ule which transforms the tangent po
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large void segments will clearly ap
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together with local measurements at
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Kamphorst E.C. , Chadøeuf J. , Jet
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c.d.f 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 1 2
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0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4
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c.d.f. c.d.f. c.d.f. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.
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RESUME Les maladies (ré-)émergent
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