Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier ... - CIAM

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Lauterer P., 1999. Results of the investigations on Hemipterain Moravia, made by the Moravian Museum (Psylloidea 2). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae 84: 71-151. Laviña A., Sabate J., Garcia-Chapa M., et al. (2004). Occurrence and epidemiology of European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma in Spain. Acta Horticulturae 657: 489-494 Ossiannilsson F., 1992. The Psylloidea (Homoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. E.J. Brill, Leiden, 347 pp. Poggi Pollini C.P., Bissani R., Giunchedi L., et al. (2004). Detection of European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma (ESFYP) in Homoptera insects and in wild stone fruit trees collected in peach orchards in Northern Italy. Acta Horticulturae 657: 513-518 M. E. Ramel, P. Gugerli, L. Bourquin, J. d. Meyer and L. Schaub, 2001. Characterization of apricot chlorotic leaf roll and detection of ESFY phytoplasma in western Switzerland. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture et Horticulture 33: 279-286 Seemüller E., Schneider B. (2004). ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, the causal agents of apple proliferation, pear decline and European stone fruit yellows, respectively. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 1217-1226 Torres E., Bertolini E., Cambra M., Montón C., Martín M.P., 2005. Real-time PCR for simultaneous and quantitative detection of quarantine phytoplasmas from apple proliferation (16SrX) group. Molecular and Cellular Probes 19: 334-340 Table 1. Origins of the individual C. pruni tested in real-time PCR Stage Origin Nymphs controlled conditions on P. marianna New generation controlled conditions on P. marianna Overwintering adults controlled conditions on P. marianna then (181 day old) site 2 on Picea abies Overwintering adults controlled conditions on P. marianna then (319 day old) site 1 on Abies sp. Reimmigrants natural population from P. spinosa (except Ri21) Reimmigrants Ri21 controlled conditions (healthy adults overwintering on site 1) - 78 -
Table 2. Occurrence of Cacopsylla pruni on conifers in the Languedoc area (2001-2005). Each sample was obtained in 20 minutes with a beating tray (except those indicated *) Site Altitude Host plant Occurrence a Mean b Gigean 170 m Pinus nigra & P. halepensis 0/1 0 Fabrègues 200 m Pinus nigra & P. halepensis 0/3 0 Mas de Londres 180 m Pinus nigra & P. halepensis 0/3 0 Villeveyrac 100 m Pinus halepensis 0/2 0 Montferrier (site 3) 100 m Pinus halepensis 0/4 0 Vailhauques 300 m Pinus halepensis 1/1 1 St Guilhem le Désert 650 m Pinus nigra salzmanni 2/2 1 Les Lavagnes (site 1) 700 m Abies sp 24/26 8.4 Les Lavagnes 700 m Pinus nigra 0/2 0 Les Lavagnes 700 m Cedrus sp 0/3 0 Les Lavagnes - Coupette 710 m Abies sp 1/1 4 Les Lavagnes - Sauvie 560 m Abies sp & Pinus sp. 0/1 0 Les Lavagnes - 660 m Pinus nigra 0/1 0 Laret La Vacquerie 700 m Pinus nigra 0/1 0 La Couvertoirade 800 m Pinus nigra & P. sylvestris 5/5 2 (+ 125*) Millau 800 m Pinus nigra & P. sylvestris 0/1 0 LeCaylar 800 m Pinus nigra 1/1 1 LeCaylar 800 m Cedrus sp 0/1 0 L'Escandorgue 780 m Pinus nigra 0/2 0 L'Escandorgue 780 m Pseudotsuga menziesii 0/1 0 Col du Minier 1260 m Abies alba & Picea abies 1/1 2 L'espérou - MF 1300 m Abies alba & Picea abies 2/2 3.5 L'espérou 1230 m Abies alba & Picea abies 0/1 0 Les Pises (site 2) 1260 m Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus nigra 5/5 13.2 Col de l'Homme 1340 m Abies alba & Picea abies 1/1 4 Mort Col de Faubel 1320 m Picea abies 1/3 1 Camprieu 1130 m Abies alba & Picea abies 1/3 1 (+ 51*) Douch 1020 m Pinus nigra & P. sylvestris 1/1 2 a Number of samples with C. pruni / total number of samples b Mean number of insects collected per sample * Intensive sampling during several hours - 79 -
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Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronom
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Glossaire A leur première occurren
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C. Conclusions sur l’étude des v
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Introduction - 7 - « Deux grands m
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l’intensification permanente de l
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Ceci nous amène aux enjeux liés
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(b) Coût de la lutte contre l’ES
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Royaume- Uni Espagne Allemagne Belg
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1992) ; par contre, le cerisier dou
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6) Vection Le vecteur de l’ESFY (
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(b) Caractéristiques de la vection
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Conifères ? Rétention du phytopla
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Partie I : Identifier des facteurs
Page 27 and 28: Identifying Risk Factors from a Sur
Page 29 and 30: MATERIALS AND METHODS Data Record a
Page 31 and 32: visual inspection of their spatial
Page 33 and 34: Influence of the Risk Factors. The
Page 35 and 36: Model Application This kind of mode
Page 37 and 38: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are much indebt
Page 39 and 40: 42. Seemüller, E., and Schneider,
Page 41 and 42: TABLE 5: Analysis of deviance for e
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 2. Examination of the model fi
Page 45 and 46: II. Bilan Au-delà des effets évid
Page 47 and 48: Partie II : Identifier les cycles b
Page 49 and 50: A toolbox for the specific detectio
Page 51 and 52: Bordeaux). Plant samples were also
Page 53 and 54: cycles). The analyses were performe
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Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Sequence of the primers an
Page 59 and 60: ESFY G1R (X) ESFY G2 (X) AP15R (X)
Page 61 and 62: Survival of European Stone Fruit Ye
Page 63 and 64: C. pruni Reimmigrants The percentag
Page 65 and 66: Table 1. Detection of ESFY from C.
Page 67 and 68: Si l’expérience est répétée d
Page 69 and 70: Il y a cependant deux réserves à
Page 71 and 72: The spread of European stone fruit
Page 73 and 74: inside the cage. The cages were rem
Page 75 and 76: Quantification of ‘Ca. P. prunoru
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Page 81 and 82: Number of C. pruni on P. spinos 40
Page 83 and 84: V. Bilan sur le fonctionnement de l
Page 85 and 86: Partie III : Tester des hypothèses
Page 87 and 88: émergents migrent dans des massifs
Page 89 and 90: identique à Qc(d) sauf qu’elle e
Page 91 and 92: MATERIALS AND METHODS Characteristi
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Page 95 and 96: (A) (B) Fig. 1. Summary of the spat
Page 97 and 98: Investigating Disease Spread betwee
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Page 101 and 102: the graphical display by an appropr
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Page 107 and 108: APPENDIX Test 2. This section corre
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Page 113 and 114: Fig. 2. Spatiotemporal pattern of d
Page 115 and 116: IV. Application à l’analyse de c
Page 117 and 118: Verger D1-4 Verger BH1 Verger BH2 V
Page 119 and 120: annuelle (Figure 1 de l’Article V
Page 121 and 122: consiste à disposer de vergers à
Page 123 and 124: Partie IV : Synthétiser l’inform
Page 125 and 126: Tableau 6. Propriétés biologiques
Page 127 and 128: Conclusion - 127 - « Il importe de
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fonctionnement du système épidém
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Tableau 7. Avantages et inconvénie
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malades correspondrait alors unique
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Expérimentations expérimentales S
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Références bibliographiques - 137
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30. Chabrolin C. (1924) Quelques ma
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86. Institute of Medicine (1992) Em
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138. Morvan G. (1977) Apricot chlor
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190. Torres E., Martin M. P., Paltr
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Annexes - 147 -
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if (estim!=1) W2.99) text(B2,0,past
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if ((sum(Do[1:4])!=0)&(sum(do1D)==0
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III. Annexe 3 : Programme R pour si
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IV. Annexe 4 : “Testing Boolean A
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Testing boolean assumption in the n
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ehavior, which is difficult to obse
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distributed. So, the length distrib
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ule which transforms the tangent po
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large void segments will clearly ap
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together with local measurements at
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Kamphorst E.C. , Chadøeuf J. , Jet
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c.d.f 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 1 2
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0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4
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c.d.f. c.d.f. c.d.f. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.
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RESUME Les maladies (ré-)émergent
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