Coté, J.E., & Levine, C.G. (2002). Identity Formation, Agency and Culture: A Social Psychol<strong>og</strong>ical Synthesis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. D'Augelli, A.R., Grossman, A.H., Salter, N.P., Vasey, J.J., Starks, M.T., & Sinclair, K.O. (2005). Predicting the suicide attempts of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Suicide and Life-Threatening Beh<strong>av</strong>ior, 35(6), 646-660. D'Augelli, A.R., & Hershberger, S.L. (1993). Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth in Community Settings – Personal Challenges and Mental-Health Problems. American Journal of Community Psychol<strong>og</strong>y, 21(4), 421-448. Demant, J. (2006). Identity work at the teen party: Age and sex in a heterosexualized space. Paper presentert ved The 9th Nordic Youth Research In<strong>for</strong>mation Symposium, 12-14. januar 2006. Södertörns University College, Stockholm. Diamond, L.M. (1998). Development of sexual orientation among adolescent and young adult women. Developmental Psychol<strong>og</strong>y, 34(5), 1085-1095. Diamond, L.M. (2003). New paradigms <strong>for</strong> research on heterosexual and sexualminority development. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychol<strong>og</strong>y, 32(4), 490-498. Diamond, L.M., & Lucas, S. (2004). Sexual-minority and heterosexual youths' peer relationships: Experiences, expectations, and implications <strong>for</strong> well-being. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14(3), 313-340. DuRant, R.H., Krowchuk, D.P., & Sinal, S.H. (1998). Victimization, use of violence, and drug use at school among male adolescents who engage in samesex sexual beh<strong>av</strong>ior. Journal of Pediatrics, 133(1), 113-118. Durkheim, E. (1897/1991). Selvmordet. En sosiol<strong>og</strong>isk undersøkelse. Utvalg <strong>og</strong> innledning ved Dag Østerberg. Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. Eliason, M.J. (1996). Identity Formation <strong>for</strong> Lesbian, Bisexual, and Gay Persons: Beyond a "Minoritizing" View. Journal of Homosexuality, 30(3), 31-58. Elkind, D. (1981). The hurried child: Growing up too fast too soon. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley. Erikson, E.H. (1950/1968). Barndommen <strong>og</strong> samfunnet. Oslo: Gyldendal. Erikson, E.H. (1968/1992). Identitet. Ungdom <strong>og</strong> kriser. Københ<strong>av</strong>n: Hans Reitzels Forlag. Everall, R.D., Bostik, K.E., & Paulson, B.L. (2005). I'm sick of being me: Developmental themes in a suicidal adolescent. Adolescence, 40(160), 693- 708. Faulkner, A.H., & Cranston, K. (1998). Correlates of same-sex sexual beh<strong>av</strong>ior in a random sample of Massachusetts high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 88(2), 262-266. – Homo? – 119
Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., & Beautrais, A.L. (1999). Is sexual orientation related to mental health problems and suicidality in young people? Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(10), 876-880. Fitzpatrick, K.K., Euton, S.J., Jones, J.N., & Schmidt, N.B. (2005). Gender role, sexual orientation and suicide risk. Journal of Affective Disorders, 87(1), 35- 42. Foucault, M. (1976/98). The History of Sexuality. London: Penguin Books. Friedman, M.S., Silvestre, A.J., Gold, M.A., Markovic, N., S<strong>av</strong>in-Williams, R.C., Huggins, J., & Sell, R.L. (2004). Adolescents define sexual orientation and suggest ways to measure it. Journal of Adolescence, 27(3), 303-317. Garofalo, R., Wolf, R.C., Wissow, L.S., Woods, E.R., & Goodman, E. (1999). Sexual orientation and risk of suicide attempts among a representative sample of youth. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 153(5), 487-493. Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books. George, W.H., Cue, K.L., Lopez, P.A., Crowe, L.C., & Norris, J. (1995). Selfreported alcohol expectancies and postdrinking sexual interences about women. Journal of Applied Social Psychol<strong>og</strong>y, 25(2), 164-186. Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday Books. Goffman, E. (1963/1990). Stigma. Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. London: Penguin Books. Gould, M.S., Greenberg, T., Velting, D.M., & Shaffer, D. (2003). Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42(4), 386-405. Gould, M.S., King, R., Greenwald, S., Fisher, P., Schwab-Stone, M., Kramer, R., Flisher, A.J., Goodman, S., Canino, G., & Shaffer, D. (1998). Psychopathol<strong>og</strong>y associated with suicidal ideation and attempts among children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(9), 915-923. Grøholt, B., Ekeberg, O., Wichstrøm, L., & Haldorsen, T. (1997). Youth suicide in Norway, 1990-1992: A comparison between children and adolescents completing suicide and age- and gender-matched controls. Suicide and Life- Threatening Beh<strong>av</strong>ior, 27(3), 250-263. Grøholt, B., Ekeberg, Ø., Wichstrøm, L., & Haldorsen, T. (2000). Young suicide attempters: A comparison between a clinical and an epidemiol<strong>og</strong>ical sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(7), 868-875. Haldar, M. (2006). Kjærlighetskunnskap. Tolvåringers <strong>for</strong>tellinger om romantikk <strong>og</strong> familieliv. Upublisert Avhandling til Dr. Polit-graden, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. 120 – NOVA Rapport 1/07 –
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Homo? Betydningen av seksuell erfar
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Forord Avhandlingen handler om ungd
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Innhold 1 Innledning og bakgrunn ..
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1 Innledning og bakgrunn Temaet for
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dette tilfellet tilfredsstilte ikke
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eskrive prosesser som er av betydni
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vært tolket som uttrykk for at den
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Hensikten med disse første kapitle
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2.1 Identitet i tenårene Hva er id
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1968/1992), slik også Erving Goffm
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normer og verdier, tegn og symboler
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…grusom i sin måte å utelukke d
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opplevd heterofil tiltrekning vil i
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foranderlige med denne følelsen av
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seksuell atferd og begjær og ident
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livshistorier (Herdt & Boxer 1993).
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selvmordsforsøk, som et uttrykk fo
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uke rusmidler på? I sin studie av
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på kroppen, men også indirekte vi
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eller som «ordinary, conventional
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håpløshet, lav selvfølelse eller
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isikofaktorer for selvmordsforsøk
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4 Homoseksualitet og homofil identi
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negative oppfatningen også kunne v
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tet ligger innbakt i minoritetspers
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I ungdoms forhold til seksualitet e
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Fra makrostrukturer til mikrokonsek
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«resilient youth» (Herdt & Boxer
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lesbiske (Remafedi et al. 1998) ell
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hyppigere i vennemiljøet for enkel
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kerer i større grad å bli avvist
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(Hillier et al. 1998, s. 53). To st
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5 Hovedsiktemål og problemstilling
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for young people categorised by hom
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- Page 78 and 79: Vurderinger av validitet og hensikt
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- Page 84 and 85: eksempel kan det tenkes at enkelte
- Page 86 and 87: dit hen at betydningen av disse erf
- Page 88 and 89: lant guttene som blant jentene, men
- Page 90 and 91: daglig røyking samt voldelig vikti
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- Page 94 and 95: problemer. I motsetning til denne t
- Page 96 and 97: Å oppsøke eller utforske homoseks
- Page 98 and 99: kvalitative undersøkelser. I Micha
- Page 100 and 101: Betydningen av alder og ungdomstid
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- Page 104 and 105: selv-identifiserte homofile og lesb
- Page 106 and 107: ligge i at homoseksualitet mellom m
- Page 108 and 109: 1995). Jenter som er oftere beruset
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- Page 112 and 113: artikkel II fant vi at det var fler
- Page 114 and 115: Betydningen av å være i spennet m
- Page 116 and 117: komme til å streve langt inn i vok
- Page 118 and 119: Referanseliste Adam, B.D. (1998). T
- Page 122 and 123: Hammer, T. (1992). Unemployment and
- Page 124 and 125: Kitzinger, C., & Wilkinson, S. (199
- Page 126 and 127: Pape, H., & Hammer, T. (1996a). How
- Page 128 and 129: Rotheramborus, M.J., Rosario, M., M
- Page 130 and 131: Stake, R. (1995). The Art of Case S
- Page 132 and 133: ARTIKKEL I: STRAIGHTENING OUT THE Q
- Page 134 and 135: Straightening out the queer? Norweg
- Page 136 and 137: Gender roles and heterosexuality in
- Page 138 and 139: to young people’s own experiences
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- Page 150 and 151: Conclusion The pattern of homosexua
- Page 152 and 153: Edgardh, K., Lewin, B. and Nilsson,
- Page 154 and 155: Tables Table 1: Prevalence of homos
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- Page 158 and 159: ARTIKKEL II: WHAT’S LOVE GOT TO D
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- Page 162 and 163: Young people’s sexual orientation
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- Page 166 and 167: Sample and Method Participants In 2
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Substance use The cross tabulation
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Table 4 shows that for all three gr
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themselves as sexually attractive.
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the very few studies of bisexual yo
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Conclusion The results of this stud
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References Ministery for child and
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Kalichman, S. C., Tannenbaum, L., &
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Savin-Williams, R. C., & Cohen, K.
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Table 2: Substance use frequency an
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Figure 1. Group centroids plot from
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ARTIKKEL III: SUICIDE ATTEMPTS AMON
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Suicide Attempts in Gay, Lesbian an
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depression and anxiety, low self--e
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factors that may negatively influen
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identified gay, lesbian and bisexua
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y a question of alcohol intoxicatio
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were: hating oneself (40.0%), feeli
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The final model was tested on males
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studies based on US samples have fo
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pressure of articulating a sexual i
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years). To estimate whether the dif
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Hegna, K. (1996) Koss Har Me Det? U
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Table 1: List of general risk facto
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Table 3: Bivariate and multivariate
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ARTIKKEL IV: COMING OUT, COMING INT
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Coming out, coming into what? Ident
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precise self-understandings congrue
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case. Instead, it was selected on t
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interview Michael emphasised that h
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that he deliberately made contact w
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where Michael, a long time after he
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out with: They are the ‘old’, o
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do you know what? I get a start-up
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absence of specific sexual scripts
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cannot offer the social support tha
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References Butler, Judith (1991)
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Pedersen, Willy (2005) Nye seksuali
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APPENDIX: Wichstrøm, L., & Hegna,
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Appendix 245
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Appendix 247
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Appendix 249
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Appendix 251