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Kalichman, S. C., Tannenbaum, L., & Nachimson, D. (1998). Personality and Cognitive Factors Influencing Substance Use and Sexual risk for HIV Infection Among gay and Bisexual Men. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 12(4), 262- 271. Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the Human Male. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E., & Gebhardt, P. H. (1953). Sexual behavior of the Human Female. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. Klecka, W. R. (1980). Discriminant analysis (Vol. 19). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Larsen, C. J., Sandberg, S., & Pedersen, W. (2005). Tunge kyss – lette identiteter? [Heavy kissing – airy identities?]. Sosiologisk Tidsskrift, 13(3), 107-132. Lieber, C. S. (1997). Gender differences in alcohol metabolism and susceptibility. In R. W. Wilsnack & S. C. Wilsnack (Eds.), Gender and Alcohol – Individual and Social Perspectives (pp. 77-89). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies. Marsh, A., & Dale, A. (2005). Risk factors for alcohol and other drug disorders: a review. Australian Psychologist, 40, 73-80. Martin, J. I., & Knox, J. (1997). Loneliness and sexual risk behavior in gay men. Psychological Reports, 81(3), 815-825. Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority Stress and Mental-Health in Gay Men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38-56. Narring, F., Huwiler, S. M. S., & Michaud, P. A. (2003). Prevalence and dimensions of sexual orientation in Swiss adolescents: a cross-sectional survey of 16 to 20-year-old students. Acta Paediatrica, 92(2), 233-239. Otis, m. D., & Skinner, W. F. (1996). The Prevalence of Victimization and Its Effect on Mental Well-Being Among Lesbian and Gay People. Journal of Homosexuality, 30(3), 93-121. Pape, H., & Hammer, T. (1996). Sober adolescence – Predictor of psychosocial maladjustment in young adulthood? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 37(4), 362-377. Parks, C. A. (1999). Bicultural Competence: A Mediating Factor Affecting Alcohol Use Practices and Problems among Lesbian Social Drinkers. Journal of Drug Issues, 29(1), 135-154. Patterson, J. M., & McCubbin, H. I. (1987). Adolescent Coping Style and Behaviors – Conceptualization and Measurement. Journal of Adolescence, 10(2), 163-186. Pedersen, W. (1998). Bittersøtt. Ungdom/sosialisering/rusmidler [Bittersweet. Youth, socialisation and substance use]. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. – Homo? – 181
Pedersen, W., & Kristiansen, H. W. (2003). Å gjøre det, å føle det og å være det. Homoseksualitet i det seinmoderne [Doing it, feeling it and being it – Homosexuality in late modernity]. Tidsskrift for Samfunnsforskning, 44(1), 3- 36. Pedersen, W., & Skrondal, A. (1999). Ecstasy and new patterns of drug use: a normal population study. Addiction, 94(11), 1695-1706. Rashad, I., & Kaestner, R. (2004). Teenage sex, drugs and alcohol use: problems identifying the cause of risky behaviors. Journal of Health Economics, 23(3), 493-503. Remafedi, G., Resnick, M., Blum, R., & Harris, L. (1992). Demography of Sexual Orientation in Adolescents. Pediatrics, 89(4), 714-721. Rosario, M., Hunter, J., & Gwadz, M. (1997). Exploration of Substance Use Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth: Prevalence and Correlates. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12(4), 454-476. Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Hunter, J. (2004). Predictors of substance use over time among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths: An examination of three hypotheses. Addictive Behaviors, 29(8), 1623-1631. Rossow, I., & Bø, A. K. (2003). Metoderapport for datainnsamlingen til Ung i Norge 2002. Oslo: NOVA. Russel, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cetrona, C. E. (1980). The Revised UCLA Loneliness Svale – Concurrent and Discriminant Validity Evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 472-480. Russell, S. T., & Consolacion, T. B. (2003). Adolescent romance and emotional health in the United States: Beyond binaries. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(4), 499-508. Russell, S. T., Driscoll, A. K., & Truong, N. (2002). Adolescent Same-Sex Romantic Attractions and Relationships: Implications for Substance Use and Abuse. American Journal of Public Health, 92(2), 198-202. Saewyc, E. M., Bearinger, L. H., Heinz, P. A., Blum, R., & Resnick, M. D. (1998). gender Differences in health and Risk Behaviors Among Bisexual and Homosexual Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23, 181-188. Savin-Williams, R. C. (2001a). A critique of research on sexual-minority youths. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 5-13. Savin-Williams, R. C. (2001b). Suicide attempts among sexual-minority youths: Population and measurement issues. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 983-991. Savin-Williams, R. C. (2005). The New Gay Teenager. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 182 – NOVA Rapport 1/07 –
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Homo? Betydningen av seksuell erfar
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Forord Avhandlingen handler om ungd
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Innhold 1 Innledning og bakgrunn ..
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1 Innledning og bakgrunn Temaet for
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dette tilfellet tilfredsstilte ikke
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eskrive prosesser som er av betydni
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vært tolket som uttrykk for at den
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Hensikten med disse første kapitle
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2.1 Identitet i tenårene Hva er id
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1968/1992), slik også Erving Goffm
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normer og verdier, tegn og symboler
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…grusom i sin måte å utelukke d
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opplevd heterofil tiltrekning vil i
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foranderlige med denne følelsen av
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seksuell atferd og begjær og ident
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livshistorier (Herdt & Boxer 1993).
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selvmordsforsøk, som et uttrykk fo
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uke rusmidler på? I sin studie av
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på kroppen, men også indirekte vi
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eller som «ordinary, conventional
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håpløshet, lav selvfølelse eller
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isikofaktorer for selvmordsforsøk
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4 Homoseksualitet og homofil identi
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negative oppfatningen også kunne v
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tet ligger innbakt i minoritetspers
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I ungdoms forhold til seksualitet e
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Fra makrostrukturer til mikrokonsek
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«resilient youth» (Herdt & Boxer
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lesbiske (Remafedi et al. 1998) ell
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hyppigere i vennemiljøet for enkel
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kerer i større grad å bli avvist
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(Hillier et al. 1998, s. 53). To st
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5 Hovedsiktemål og problemstilling
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for young people categorised by hom
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6 Metodisk grunnlag og vurderinger
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problemer kan være underrepresente
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sammen om lag åtte timers lydbånd
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ikke fordi vi først og fremst øns
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Vurderinger av validitet og hensikt
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lesbian is reduced to a cold statis
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av dette er det likevel rimelig å
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eksempel kan det tenkes at enkelte
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dit hen at betydningen av disse erf
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lant guttene som blant jentene, men
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daglig røyking samt voldelig vikti
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i, og som var preget av kropps-, se
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problemer. I motsetning til denne t
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Å oppsøke eller utforske homoseks
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kvalitative undersøkelser. I Micha
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Betydningen av alder og ungdomstid
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gruppen vil kunne være relatert ti
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selv-identifiserte homofile og lesb
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ligge i at homoseksualitet mellom m
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1995). Jenter som er oftere beruset
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som er (mer eller mindre) nødvendi
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artikkel II fant vi at det var fler
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Betydningen av å være i spennet m
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komme til å streve langt inn i vok
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Referanseliste Adam, B.D. (1998). T
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Coté, J.E., & Levine, C.G. (2002).
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Hammer, T. (1992). Unemployment and
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Kitzinger, C., & Wilkinson, S. (199
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Pape, H., & Hammer, T. (1996a). How
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Rotheramborus, M.J., Rosario, M., M
Page 130 and 131:
Stake, R. (1995). The Art of Case S
Page 132 and 133: ARTIKKEL I: STRAIGHTENING OUT THE Q
Page 134 and 135: Straightening out the queer? Norweg
Page 136 and 137: Gender roles and heterosexuality in
Page 138 and 139: to young people’s own experiences
Page 140 and 141: and a sexual arousal dimension. The
Page 142 and 143: experiences only. This differed fro
Page 144 and 145: As expected, following the results
Page 146 and 147: essentialist identity theory presup
Page 148 and 149: as a parallel example: When Britney
Page 150 and 151: Conclusion The pattern of homosexua
Page 152 and 153: Edgardh, K., Lewin, B. and Nilsson,
Page 154 and 155: Tables Table 1: Prevalence of homos
Page 156 and 157: Figure 1: The relationship between
Page 158 and 159: ARTIKKEL II: WHAT’S LOVE GOT TO D
Page 160 and 161: What’s love got to do with it? Su
Page 162 and 163: Young people’s sexual orientation
Page 164 and 165: identity crisis, hopelessness and a
Page 166 and 167: Sample and Method Participants In 2
Page 168 and 169: and n=1989 for girls (70%). In this
Page 170 and 171: Substance use The cross tabulation
Page 172 and 173: Table 4 shows that for all three gr
Page 174 and 175: themselves as sexually attractive.
Page 176 and 177: the very few studies of bisexual yo
Page 178 and 179: Conclusion The results of this stud
Page 180 and 181: References Ministery for child and
Page 184 and 185: Savin-Williams, R. C., & Cohen, K.
Page 186 and 187: Table 2: Substance use frequency an
Page 188 and 189: Figure 1. Group centroids plot from
Page 190 and 191: ARTIKKEL III: SUICIDE ATTEMPTS AMON
Page 192 and 193: Suicide Attempts in Gay, Lesbian an
Page 194 and 195: depression and anxiety, low self--e
Page 196 and 197: factors that may negatively influen
Page 198 and 199: identified gay, lesbian and bisexua
Page 200 and 201: y a question of alcohol intoxicatio
Page 202 and 203: were: hating oneself (40.0%), feeli
Page 204 and 205: The final model was tested on males
Page 206 and 207: studies based on US samples have fo
Page 208 and 209: pressure of articulating a sexual i
Page 210 and 211: years). To estimate whether the dif
Page 212 and 213: Hegna, K. (1996) Koss Har Me Det? U
Page 214 and 215: Table 1: List of general risk facto
Page 216 and 217: Table 3: Bivariate and multivariate
Page 218 and 219: ARTIKKEL IV: COMING OUT, COMING INT
Page 220 and 221: Coming out, coming into what? Ident
Page 222 and 223: precise self-understandings congrue
Page 224 and 225: case. Instead, it was selected on t
Page 226 and 227: interview Michael emphasised that h
Page 228 and 229: that he deliberately made contact w
Page 230 and 231: where Michael, a long time after he
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out with: They are the ‘old’, o
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do you know what? I get a start-up
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absence of specific sexual scripts
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cannot offer the social support tha
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References Butler, Judith (1991)
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Pedersen, Willy (2005) Nye seksuali
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APPENDIX: Wichstrøm, L., & Hegna,
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Appendix 245
Page 248 and 249:
Appendix 247
Page 250 and 251:
Appendix 249
Page 252 and 253:
Appendix 251
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