Betydningen av seksuell erfaring, tiltrekning og identitet for ...

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The final model was tested on males and females separately. Both blocks of variables made significant contributions to the model fitness for both genders (Males: block I χ 2 =42.77 (p
population of gay and lesbian youth and young adults in Norway. Although the sample of respondents used in the present study reflects a variety of social groups, heterosexual youths of this cohort that may discover/acknowledge their homosexuality in the years to come are not included in the sample. In this cross--sectional study, measures of variables reflecting the current situation were used to explain a previous event. We know that recall and reporting of suicide attempt is probably correlated with concurrent depression (Brewin, Andrews and Gotlib, 1993), although the general trend is that risk factors identified in a cross--sectional study also serve as prospective risk factors (Wichstrøm, 2000). Also, it is possible that the emergence of problems specific to GLB youths may cause higher levels of general risk factors, e.g. early age of coming out may reduce contact with parents, or GLB--related sexual harassment might lead to internalizing problems. Thus, on the one hand we need further studies based on probability samples of youths. On the other hand, prospective studies of specific factors and general risk factors that can disentangle the time--relationship between these two types of risk factor, as well as between risk factors and suicidal behavior, are needed. Suicide attempt was predicted by a set of risk factors not specific to GLB youth in the multivariate model: Infrequent contact with parents, interalizing problems (anxiety/depression), regular smoking and experiences of threats and physical violence. High self--esteem was negatively associated to suicide attempt in the multivariate analysis. However, in addition to the general risk factors, a set of risk factors that are specific to GLB youth’s life- -situation added to the model fitness, that is low age of heterosexual debut, being in a heterosexual relationship, coming out before 19 years of age and in particular coming out before 15 years of age, infrequent contact with heterosexual friends and having told all or no heterosexual friends about one's sexual orientation. From a general point of view, the findings confirm that both psychological factors like depression and low self--esteem as well as social life style and social integration issues are important. In addition, these findings seem to reflect a pattern of early and troublesome identity formation even among GLB youths at the end of the 1990s. Identity formation in a hostile world? In spite of the probable different public discourses on homosexuality in the North American context compared to the Norwegian one, the present study supports findings from previous studies of non--representative samples of North American GLB youths when it comes to specific risk factors. Previous 204 – NOVA Rapport 1/07 –
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Homo? Betydningen av seksuell erfar
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Forord Avhandlingen handler om ungd
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Innhold 1 Innledning og bakgrunn ..
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1 Innledning og bakgrunn Temaet for
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dette tilfellet tilfredsstilte ikke
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eskrive prosesser som er av betydni
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vært tolket som uttrykk for at den
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Hensikten med disse første kapitle
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2.1 Identitet i tenårene Hva er id
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1968/1992), slik også Erving Goffm
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normer og verdier, tegn og symboler
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…grusom i sin måte å utelukke d
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opplevd heterofil tiltrekning vil i
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foranderlige med denne følelsen av
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seksuell atferd og begjær og ident
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livshistorier (Herdt & Boxer 1993).
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selvmordsforsøk, som et uttrykk fo
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uke rusmidler på? I sin studie av
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på kroppen, men også indirekte vi
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eller som «ordinary, conventional
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håpløshet, lav selvfølelse eller
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isikofaktorer for selvmordsforsøk
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4 Homoseksualitet og homofil identi
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negative oppfatningen også kunne v
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tet ligger innbakt i minoritetspers
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I ungdoms forhold til seksualitet e
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Fra makrostrukturer til mikrokonsek
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«resilient youth» (Herdt & Boxer
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lesbiske (Remafedi et al. 1998) ell
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hyppigere i vennemiljøet for enkel
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kerer i større grad å bli avvist
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(Hillier et al. 1998, s. 53). To st
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5 Hovedsiktemål og problemstilling
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for young people categorised by hom
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6 Metodisk grunnlag og vurderinger
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problemer kan være underrepresente
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sammen om lag åtte timers lydbånd
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ikke fordi vi først og fremst øns
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Vurderinger av validitet og hensikt
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lesbian is reduced to a cold statis
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av dette er det likevel rimelig å
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eksempel kan det tenkes at enkelte
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dit hen at betydningen av disse erf
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lant guttene som blant jentene, men
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daglig røyking samt voldelig vikti
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i, og som var preget av kropps-, se
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problemer. I motsetning til denne t
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Å oppsøke eller utforske homoseks
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kvalitative undersøkelser. I Micha
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Betydningen av alder og ungdomstid
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gruppen vil kunne være relatert ti
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selv-identifiserte homofile og lesb
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ligge i at homoseksualitet mellom m
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1995). Jenter som er oftere beruset
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som er (mer eller mindre) nødvendi
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artikkel II fant vi at det var fler
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Betydningen av å være i spennet m
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komme til å streve langt inn i vok
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Referanseliste Adam, B.D. (1998). T
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Coté, J.E., & Levine, C.G. (2002).
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Hammer, T. (1992). Unemployment and
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Kitzinger, C., & Wilkinson, S. (199
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Pape, H., & Hammer, T. (1996a). How
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Rotheramborus, M.J., Rosario, M., M
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Stake, R. (1995). The Art of Case S
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ARTIKKEL I: STRAIGHTENING OUT THE Q
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Straightening out the queer? Norweg
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Gender roles and heterosexuality in
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to young people’s own experiences
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and a sexual arousal dimension. The
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experiences only. This differed fro
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As expected, following the results
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essentialist identity theory presup
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as a parallel example: When Britney
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Conclusion The pattern of homosexua
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Edgardh, K., Lewin, B. and Nilsson,
Page 154 and 155: Tables Table 1: Prevalence of homos
Page 156 and 157: Figure 1: The relationship between
Page 158 and 159: ARTIKKEL II: WHAT’S LOVE GOT TO D
Page 160 and 161: What’s love got to do with it? Su
Page 162 and 163: Young people’s sexual orientation
Page 164 and 165: identity crisis, hopelessness and a
Page 166 and 167: Sample and Method Participants In 2
Page 168 and 169: and n=1989 for girls (70%). In this
Page 170 and 171: Substance use The cross tabulation
Page 172 and 173: Table 4 shows that for all three gr
Page 174 and 175: themselves as sexually attractive.
Page 176 and 177: the very few studies of bisexual yo
Page 178 and 179: Conclusion The results of this stud
Page 180 and 181: References Ministery for child and
Page 182 and 183: Kalichman, S. C., Tannenbaum, L., &
Page 184 and 185: Savin-Williams, R. C., & Cohen, K.
Page 186 and 187: Table 2: Substance use frequency an
Page 188 and 189: Figure 1. Group centroids plot from
Page 190 and 191: ARTIKKEL III: SUICIDE ATTEMPTS AMON
Page 192 and 193: Suicide Attempts in Gay, Lesbian an
Page 194 and 195: depression and anxiety, low self--e
Page 196 and 197: factors that may negatively influen
Page 198 and 199: identified gay, lesbian and bisexua
Page 200 and 201: y a question of alcohol intoxicatio
Page 202 and 203: were: hating oneself (40.0%), feeli
Page 206 and 207: studies based on US samples have fo
Page 208 and 209: pressure of articulating a sexual i
Page 210 and 211: years). To estimate whether the dif
Page 212 and 213: Hegna, K. (1996) Koss Har Me Det? U
Page 214 and 215: Table 1: List of general risk facto
Page 216 and 217: Table 3: Bivariate and multivariate
Page 218 and 219: ARTIKKEL IV: COMING OUT, COMING INT
Page 220 and 221: Coming out, coming into what? Ident
Page 222 and 223: precise self-understandings congrue
Page 224 and 225: case. Instead, it was selected on t
Page 226 and 227: interview Michael emphasised that h
Page 228 and 229: that he deliberately made contact w
Page 230 and 231: where Michael, a long time after he
Page 232 and 233: out with: They are the ‘old’, o
Page 234 and 235: do you know what? I get a start-up
Page 236 and 237: absence of specific sexual scripts
Page 238 and 239: cannot offer the social support tha
Page 240 and 241: References Butler, Judith (1991)
Page 242 and 243: Pedersen, Willy (2005) Nye seksuali
Page 244 and 245: APPENDIX: Wichstrøm, L., & Hegna,
Page 246 and 247: Appendix 245
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