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Rotheramborus, M.J., Rosario, M., Meyerbahlburg, H.F.L., Koopman, C., Dopkins, S.C., & Davies, M. (1994). Sexual and Substance Use Acts of Gay and Bisexual Male-Adolescents in New-York-City. Journal of Sex Research, 31(1), 47-57. Rubenstein, J.L., Heeren, T., Housman, D., Rubin, C., & Stechler, G. (1989). Suicidal-Behavior in Normal Adolescents – Risk and Protective Factors. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59(1), 59-71. Russell, S.T. (2003). Sexual minority youth and suicide risk. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(9), 1241-1257. Russell, S.T., & Consolacion, T.B. (2003). Adolescent romance and emotional health in the United States: Beyond binaries. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(4), 499-508. Russell, S.T., Driscoll, A.K., & Truong, N. (2002). Adolescent Same-Sex Romantic Attractions and Relationships: Implications for Substance Use and Abuse. American Journal of Public Health, 92(2), 198-202. Russell, S.T., & Joyner, K. (2001). Adolescent sexual orientation and suicide risk: Evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health, 91(8), 1276-1281. Russell, S.T., Seif, H., & Truong, N.L. (2001). School outcomes of sexual minority youth in the United States: evidence from a national study. Journal of Adolescence, 24(1), 111-127. Rust, P.C. (1993). Coming out in the age of social constructionism: Sexual identity formation among lesbians and bisexual women. Gender and Society, 7, 50-77. Rust, P.C. (1995). Bisexuality and the Challenge to Lesbian Politics. New York: New York University Press. Safren, S.A., & Heimberg, R.G. (1999). Depression, hopelessness, suicidality, and related factors in sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 859-866. Saulnier, C.F. (1998). Prevalence of Suicide Attempts and Suicidal Ideation among Lesbian and Gay Youth. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 8, 51-68. Savin-Williams, R.C. (1998). "...And Then I Became Gay": Young Men's Stories. New York: Routledge. Savin-Williams, R.C. (2001a). A critique of research on sexual-minority youths. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 5-13. Savin-Williams, R.C. (2001b). Suicide attempts among sexual-minority youths: Population and measurement issues. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 983-991. Savin-Williams, R.C. (2005). The New Gay Teenager. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. – Homo? – 127
Savin-Williams, R.C., & Diamond, L.M. (2000). Sexual identity trajectories among sexual-minority youths: Gender comparisons. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29(6), 607-627. Schneider, S.G., Farberow, N.L., & Kruks, G.N. (1989). Suicidal-Behavior in Adolescent and Young-Adult Gay Men. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 19(4), 381-394. Sell, R.L. (1997). Defining and measuring sexual orientation: A review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26(6), 643-658. Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Hicks, R.H., Parides, M., & Gould, M. (1995). Sexual Orientation in Adolescents Who Commit Suicide. Suicide and Life- Threatening Behavior, 25, 64-71. Shaffer, D., Gould, M.S., Fisher, P., Trautman, P., Moreau, D., Kleinman, M., & Flory, M. (1996). Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(4), 339-348. Shaffer, D., Pfeffer, C.R., Bernet, W., Arnold, V., Beitchman, J., Benson, R.S., Bukstein, O., Kinlan, J., McClellan, J., Rue, D., Shaw, J., Kroeger, K., Brent, D.A., Kruesi, M., Pearson, J.L., & Spirito, A. (2001). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with suicidal behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(7), 24S-51S. Simon, W., & Gagnon, J.H. (1984). Sexual scripts. Society, 22, 53-60. Skog, O.J. (1985). The collectivity of drinking cultures: A theory of the distribution of alcohol consumption. British Journal of Addiction, 80(1), 83-99. Skog, O.J. (1995). Alkoholproblem. In T. Goldberg (Ed.), Samhällsproblem. Stockholm: Liber. Skog, O.J., & Bjørk, E. (1988). Alkohol og voldskriminalitet. Nordisk tidsskrift for kriminalvidenskab, 75, 1-23. Skretting, A., & Bye, E.K. (2003). Bruk av rusmidler blant norske 15-16 åringer. Resultater fra den norske delen av de europeiske skoleundersøkelsene – ESPAD 1995, 1999 og 2003 (SIRUS rapport No. 5/2003). Oslo: SIRUS. Smith, A.M.A., Lindsay, J., & Rosenthal, D.A. (1999). Same-sex attraction, drug injection and binge drinking among Australian adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 23(6), 643-646. Smith, G.W., & Bloom, I. (1985). A study in the personal meaning of suicide in the context of Beachler's typology. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 15, 3- 13. Sosial- og helsedepartementet (1995). Alkoholpolitikken i endring? (Norges offentlige utredninger No. 1995:24). Oslo: Sosial- og helsedepartementet. SSB. (2005). Selvmord og selvmordsrate per 100 000 innbyggere, etter kjønn og alder 1951-2003. Tilgjengelig fra http://www.ssb.no/emner/03/01/10/dodsarsak/tab- 2005-03-30-08.html, lest 3.3, 2006. 128 – NOVA Rapport 1/07 –
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Homo? Betydningen av seksuell erfar
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Forord Avhandlingen handler om ungd
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Innhold 1 Innledning og bakgrunn ..
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1 Innledning og bakgrunn Temaet for
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dette tilfellet tilfredsstilte ikke
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eskrive prosesser som er av betydni
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vært tolket som uttrykk for at den
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Hensikten med disse første kapitle
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2.1 Identitet i tenårene Hva er id
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1968/1992), slik også Erving Goffm
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normer og verdier, tegn og symboler
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…grusom i sin måte å utelukke d
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opplevd heterofil tiltrekning vil i
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foranderlige med denne følelsen av
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seksuell atferd og begjær og ident
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livshistorier (Herdt & Boxer 1993).
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selvmordsforsøk, som et uttrykk fo
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uke rusmidler på? I sin studie av
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på kroppen, men også indirekte vi
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eller som «ordinary, conventional
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håpløshet, lav selvfølelse eller
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isikofaktorer for selvmordsforsøk
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4 Homoseksualitet og homofil identi
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negative oppfatningen også kunne v
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tet ligger innbakt i minoritetspers
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I ungdoms forhold til seksualitet e
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Fra makrostrukturer til mikrokonsek
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«resilient youth» (Herdt & Boxer
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lesbiske (Remafedi et al. 1998) ell
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hyppigere i vennemiljøet for enkel
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kerer i større grad å bli avvist
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(Hillier et al. 1998, s. 53). To st
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5 Hovedsiktemål og problemstilling
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for young people categorised by hom
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6 Metodisk grunnlag og vurderinger
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problemer kan være underrepresente
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sammen om lag åtte timers lydbånd
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ikke fordi vi først og fremst øns
Page 78 and 79: Vurderinger av validitet og hensikt
Page 80 and 81: lesbian is reduced to a cold statis
Page 82 and 83: av dette er det likevel rimelig å
Page 84 and 85: eksempel kan det tenkes at enkelte
Page 86 and 87: dit hen at betydningen av disse erf
Page 88 and 89: lant guttene som blant jentene, men
Page 90 and 91: daglig røyking samt voldelig vikti
Page 92 and 93: i, og som var preget av kropps-, se
Page 94 and 95: problemer. I motsetning til denne t
Page 96 and 97: Å oppsøke eller utforske homoseks
Page 98 and 99: kvalitative undersøkelser. I Micha
Page 100 and 101: Betydningen av alder og ungdomstid
Page 102 and 103: gruppen vil kunne være relatert ti
Page 104 and 105: selv-identifiserte homofile og lesb
Page 106 and 107: ligge i at homoseksualitet mellom m
Page 108 and 109: 1995). Jenter som er oftere beruset
Page 110 and 111: som er (mer eller mindre) nødvendi
Page 112 and 113: artikkel II fant vi at det var fler
Page 114 and 115: Betydningen av å være i spennet m
Page 116 and 117: komme til å streve langt inn i vok
Page 118 and 119: Referanseliste Adam, B.D. (1998). T
Page 120 and 121: Coté, J.E., & Levine, C.G. (2002).
Page 122 and 123: Hammer, T. (1992). Unemployment and
Page 124 and 125: Kitzinger, C., & Wilkinson, S. (199
Page 126 and 127: Pape, H., & Hammer, T. (1996a). How
Page 130 and 131: Stake, R. (1995). The Art of Case S
Page 132 and 133: ARTIKKEL I: STRAIGHTENING OUT THE Q
Page 134 and 135: Straightening out the queer? Norweg
Page 136 and 137: Gender roles and heterosexuality in
Page 138 and 139: to young people’s own experiences
Page 140 and 141: and a sexual arousal dimension. The
Page 142 and 143: experiences only. This differed fro
Page 144 and 145: As expected, following the results
Page 146 and 147: essentialist identity theory presup
Page 148 and 149: as a parallel example: When Britney
Page 150 and 151: Conclusion The pattern of homosexua
Page 152 and 153: Edgardh, K., Lewin, B. and Nilsson,
Page 154 and 155: Tables Table 1: Prevalence of homos
Page 156 and 157: Figure 1: The relationship between
Page 158 and 159: ARTIKKEL II: WHAT’S LOVE GOT TO D
Page 160 and 161: What’s love got to do with it? Su
Page 162 and 163: Young people’s sexual orientation
Page 164 and 165: identity crisis, hopelessness and a
Page 166 and 167: Sample and Method Participants In 2
Page 168 and 169: and n=1989 for girls (70%). In this
Page 170 and 171: Substance use The cross tabulation
Page 172 and 173: Table 4 shows that for all three gr
Page 174 and 175: themselves as sexually attractive.
Page 176 and 177: the very few studies of bisexual yo
Page 178 and 179:
Conclusion The results of this stud
Page 180 and 181:
References Ministery for child and
Page 182 and 183:
Kalichman, S. C., Tannenbaum, L., &
Page 184 and 185:
Savin-Williams, R. C., & Cohen, K.
Page 186 and 187:
Table 2: Substance use frequency an
Page 188 and 189:
Figure 1. Group centroids plot from
Page 190 and 191:
ARTIKKEL III: SUICIDE ATTEMPTS AMON
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Suicide Attempts in Gay, Lesbian an
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depression and anxiety, low self--e
Page 196 and 197:
factors that may negatively influen
Page 198 and 199:
identified gay, lesbian and bisexua
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y a question of alcohol intoxicatio
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were: hating oneself (40.0%), feeli
Page 204 and 205:
The final model was tested on males
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studies based on US samples have fo
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pressure of articulating a sexual i
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years). To estimate whether the dif
Page 212 and 213:
Hegna, K. (1996) Koss Har Me Det? U
Page 214 and 215:
Table 1: List of general risk facto
Page 216 and 217:
Table 3: Bivariate and multivariate
Page 218 and 219:
ARTIKKEL IV: COMING OUT, COMING INT
Page 220 and 221:
Coming out, coming into what? Ident
Page 222 and 223:
precise self-understandings congrue
Page 224 and 225:
case. Instead, it was selected on t
Page 226 and 227:
interview Michael emphasised that h
Page 228 and 229:
that he deliberately made contact w
Page 230 and 231:
where Michael, a long time after he
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out with: They are the ‘old’, o
Page 234 and 235:
do you know what? I get a start-up
Page 236 and 237:
absence of specific sexual scripts
Page 238 and 239:
cannot offer the social support tha
Page 240 and 241:
References Butler, Judith (1991)
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Pedersen, Willy (2005) Nye seksuali
Page 244 and 245:
APPENDIX: Wichstrøm, L., & Hegna,
Page 246 and 247:
Appendix 245
Page 248 and 249:
Appendix 247
Page 250 and 251:
Appendix 249
Page 252 and 253:
Appendix 251
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