A Practical Guide to 'Free-Energy' Devices

More documents

Recommendations

Info

STEPHEN HORVATH US Patent 3,980,053 14th September 1976 Inventor: Stephen Horvath FUEL SUPPLY APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Please note that this is a re-worded excerpt from this patent. It describes the water-splitting procedure of Stephen Horvath. ABSTRACT A fuel supply apparatus generates hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of water. There is provided an electrolytic cell which has a circular anode surrounded by a cathode with a porous membrane between them. The anode is fluted and the cathode is slotted to provide anode and cathode areas of substantially equal surface area. A pulsed electrical current is provided between the anode and cathode for the efficient generation of hydrogen and oxygen. The electrolytic cell is equipped with a float, which detects the level of electrolyte within the cell, and water is added to the cell as needed to replace the water lost through the electrolysis process. The hydrogen and oxygen are collected in chambers which are an integral part of the electrolytic cell, and these two gases are supplied to a mixing chamber where they are mixed in the ratio of two parts hydrogen to one part oxygen. This mixture of hydrogen and oxygen flows to another mixing chamber wherein it is mixed with air from the atmosphere. The system is disclosed as being installed in an car, and a dual control system, which is actuated by the car throttle, first meters the hydrogen and oxygen mixture into the chamber wherein it is combined with air and then meters the combined mixture into the car engine. The heat of combustion of a pure hydrogen and oxygen mixture is greater than that of a gasoline and air mixture of comparable volume, and air is therefore mixed with the hydrogen and oxygen to produce a composite mixture which has a heat of combustion approximating that of a normal gas-air mixture. This composite mixture of air, hydrogen and oxygen then can be supplied directly to a conventional internal combustion engine without overheating and without creation of a vacuum in the system. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to internal combustion engines. More particularly it is concerned with a fuel supply apparatus by means of which an internal combustion engine can be run on a fuel comprised of hydrogen and oxygen gases generated on demand by electrolysis of water. In electrolysis a potential difference is applied between an anode and a cathode in contact with an electrolytic conductor to produce an electric current through the electrolytic conductor. Many molten salts and hydroxides are electrolytic conductors but usually the conductor is a solution of a substance which dissociates in the solution to form ions. The term "electrolyte" will be used herein to refer to a substance which dissociates into ions, at least to some extent, when dissolved in a suitable solvent. The resulting solution will be referred to as an "electrolyte solution". Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis provide that in any electrolysis process the mass of substance liberated at an anode or cathode is in accordance with the formula m = z q where m is the mass of substance liberated in grams, z is the electrochemical equivalent of the substance, and q is the quantity of electricity passed, in coulombs. An important consequence of Faraday's Laws is that the rate of decomposition of an electrolyte is dependent on current and is independent of voltage. For example, in a conventional electrolysis process in which a constant current I amps flows to t seconds, q = It and the mass of material deposited or dissolved will depend on I regardless of voltage, provided that the voltage exceeds the minimum necessary for the electrolysis to proceed. For most electrolytes, the minimum voltage is very low. There have been previous proposals to run internal combustion engines on a fuel comprised of hydrogen gas. Examples of such proposals are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,275,481, 2,183,674 and 3,471,274 and British specifications Nos., 353,570 and 364,179. It has further been proposed to derive the hydrogen from electrolysis of water, as exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 1,380,183. However, none of the prior art constructions is capable of producing hydrogen at a rate such that it can be fed directly to internal combustion engines without intermediate storage. The present invention enables a fuel comprised of hydrogen and oxygen gases to be generated by A - 830
electrolysis of water at such a rate that it can sustain operation of an internal combustion engine. It achieves this result by use of an improved electrolysis process of the type generally proposed in the parent application hereof. As disclosed in my aforesaid parent application the prior art also shows electrolytic reactions employing DC or rectified AC which necessarily will have a ripple component; an example of the former being shown for instance in Kilgus U.S. Pat. No. 2,016,442 and an example of the latter being shown in Emich al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,485,742. It will be noted that the Kilgus Patent also discloses the application of a magnetic field to his electrolyte, which field is said to increase the production of gas at the two electrodes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The apparatus of the invention applies a pulsating current to an electrolytic solution of an electrolyte in water. Specifically, it enables high pulses of quite high current value and appropriately low voltage to be generated in the electrolyte solution by a direct input supply to produce a yield of electrolysis products such that these products may be fed directly to the internal combustion engine. The pulsating current generated by the apparatus of the present invention is to be distinguished from normal variations which occur in rectification of AC current and as hereinafter employed the term pulsed current will be taken to mean current having a duty cycle of less than 0.5. It is a specific object of this invention to provide a fuel supply apparatus for an internal combustion engine by which hydrogen and oxygen gases generated by electrolysis of water are mixed together and fed directly to the internal combustion engine. A still further object of the invention is to provide, for use with an internal combustion engine having inlet means to receive a combustible fuel, fuel supply apparatus comprising: a vessel to hold an electrolyte solution of electrolyte dissolved in water; an anode and a cathode to contact the electrolyte solution within the vessel; electrical supply means to apply between said diode and said cathode pulses of electrical energy to induce a pulsating current in the electrolyte solution thereby to generate by electrolysis hydrogen gas at the cathode and oxygen gas at the anode; gas collection and delivery means to collect the hydrogen and oxygen gases and to direct them to the engine inlet means; and water admission means for admission of water to said vessel to make up loss due to electrolysis. In order that the invention may be more fully explained one particular example of an car internal combustion engine fitted with fuel supply apparatus in accordance with the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig.1 is a plan view of part of the car with its engine bay exposed to show the layout of the fuel supply apparatus and the manner in which it is connected to the car engine; A - 831
Page 1 and 2: JUAN AGUERO Patent Application EP04
Page 3 and 4: the exhaust manifold. This heats so
Page 5 and 6: combustion chambers. The hydrogen i
Page 7: 21. The system of claim 20, charact
Page 11 and 12: Fig.4 is an elevation view of the h
Page 13 and 14: Fig.10 is a cross-section on the li
Page 15 and 16: Fig.16 is a cross-section on the li
Page 17 and 18: Fig.23 is an enlargement of part of
Page 19 and 20: Fig.33 is a perspective view of a v
Page 21 and 22: A - 843
Page 23 and 24: through a resistor R4 to provide tr
Page 25 and 26: The installation of the above circu
Page 27 and 28: cathode in the upper region of the
Page 29 and 30: transformer and, assuming an input
Page 31 and 32: valve apparatus to control engine s
Page 33 and 34: . a first hollow cylindrical electr
Page 35 and 36: CHRISTOPHER ECCLES UK Patent App. 2
Page 37 and 38: Fig.1 is a circuit diagram of fract
Page 39 and 40: If a large electric field is applie
Page 41 and 42: The pulses R1 and S1 are of the sam
Page 43 and 44: DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The inv
Page 45 and 46: A - 867
Page 47 and 48: Fig.5B shows a stylised representat
Page 49 and 50: Fig.6 shows a gas collection system
Page 51 and 52: Fig.8A and Fig.8B are views of a se
Page 53 and 54: A - 875
Page 55 and 56: Figs.16-30 are graphs supporting th
Page 57 and 58: A - 879
Page 59 and 60:
A - 881
Page 61 and 62:
A - 883
Page 63 and 64:
A - 885
Page 65 and 66:
A - 887
Page 67 and 68:
If it is the case that the hydrogen
Page 69 and 70:
plate shown in Fig.1A and Fig.1B an
Page 71 and 72:
is in equilibrium where the 10 watt
Page 73 and 74:
The previously mentioned prior art
Page 75 and 76:
The stores of high pressure gases c
Page 77 and 78:
unit to retain operational gas pres
Page 79 and 80:
HENRY PAINE This is a very interest
Page 81 and 82:
Henry Paine’s apparatus would the
Page 83 and 84:
some form of distortion of space. I
Page 85 and 86:
superconductive disk is made part o
Page 87 and 88:
Fig.2A and Fig.2B are diagrams, pre
Page 89 and 90:
Fig.4A and Fig.4B are diagrams, pre
Page 91 and 92:
#1 hollow superconductive shield #2
Page 93 and 94:
Fig.2B shows the counter-clockwise
Page 95 and 96:
In this example, the difference bet
Page 97 and 98:
CHARLES POGUE US Patent 642,434 12t
Page 99 and 100:
Fig.3 is a horizontal sectional vie
Page 101 and 102:
Fig.9 and Fig.10 are detail section
Page 103 and 104:
having a valve 52 in it. Chamber 50
Page 105 and 106:
CHARLES POGUE US Patent 1,997,497 9
Page 107 and 108:
Fig.4 is a detail sectional view of
Page 109 and 110:
A low-speed or idling jet 25 has it
Page 111 and 112:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig.1 i
Page 113 and 114:
Fig.5 is a detail sectional view on
Page 115 and 116:
Vapour formed by air bubbling throu
Page 117 and 118:
From the foregoing description it w
Page 119 and 120:
Fig.2 is an enlarged view of the de
Page 121 and 122:
Fig.6 is a section taken along line
Page 123 and 124:
ROBERT SHELTON US Patent 2,982,528
Page 125 and 126:
Fig.4 is a transverse sectional vie
Page 127 and 128:
HAROLD SCHWARTZ US Patent 3,294,381
Page 129 and 130:
182,420 now abandoned. The present
Page 131 and 132:
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The ca
Page 133 and 134:
THOMAS OGLE US Patent 4,177,779 11t
Page 135 and 136:
In accordance with other aspects of
Page 137 and 138:
Fig.3 is a sectional view of the va
Page 139 and 140:
Fig.7 is a partial side, partial se
Page 141 and 142:
The cooling system of the vehicle c
Page 143 and 144:
Upon initial starting of the engine
Page 145 and 146:
(f) A filter positioned in the vapo
Page 147 and 148:
with the magnitude of the current a
Page 149 and 150:
Fig.1B is a perspective view of the
Page 151 and 152:
Fig.3 is a top view of the motor of
Page 153 and 154:
Fig.7 is an isometric view showing
Page 155 and 156:
Fig.10 is a top view showing the ro
Page 157 and 158:
Fig.13 is a top view of a pair of r
Page 159 and 160:
Extending in opposite diametric dir
Page 161 and 162:
Fig.5 shows the state of the switch
Page 163 and 164:
otor magnets 42 - 49 when in the ho
Page 165 and 166:
Fig.9 and Fig.10 show a second arra
Page 167 and 168:
constructed otherwise than as speci
Page 169 and 170:
12. The motor of claim 11 wherein t
Page 171 and 172:
timer or a control mechanism mounte
Page 173 and 174:
Fig.4 is a view similar to Fig.3 bu
Page 175 and 176:
Fig.10 is a view similar to Fig.3 f
Page 177 and 178:
Fig.13 is a schematic circuit diagr
Page 179 and 180:
Fig.16 is a simplified embodiment o
Page 181 and 182:
Fig.22 to Fig.25 are similar to Fig
Page 183 and 184:
Referring to Fig.2, the permanent m
Page 185 and 186:
Fig.7 shows a modified embodiment w
Page 187 and 188:
them, will depend upon the order in
Page 189 and 190:
Fig.14, shows another embodiment 14
Page 191 and 192:
Fig.18 shows the air coil 210 posit
Page 193 and 194:
Figs. 22-25 show four different pos
Page 195 and 196:
movement with the first permanent m
Page 197 and 198:
a shaft and means journaling the sh
Page 199 and 200:
CLAUDE MEAD and WILLIAM HOLMES US P
Page 201 and 202:
Fig.2 is a front elevation of the w
Page 203 and 204:
impactors and drills. The turbine d
Page 205 and 206:
(a) fourth rotating means responsiv
Page 207 and 208:
path to the other side of the perma
Page 209 and 210:
Fig.3 is an oscilloscope waveform t
Page 211 and 212:
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERR
Page 213 and 214:
although it is by no means obvious
Page 215 and 216:
second diode connected at its posit
Page 217 and 218:
In the present invention, a permane
Page 219 and 220:
Fig.4 is a circuit diagram, illustr
Page 221 and 222:
and Fig.3. In practice, this coil m
Page 223 and 224:
y a simultaneous magnetic accelerat
Page 225 and 226:
Mr. P.G. Mallory started out in 191
Page 227 and 228:
All models have a 30 Watt power rat
Page 229 and 230:
In the auto racing circles it has a
Page 231 and 232:
BATTERY + _ SIMPLIFIED MULTIVIBRATO
Page 233 and 234:
Schematic Wiring Diagrams for two P
Page 235 and 236:
motor. What is not generally known,
Page 237 and 238:
Mark McKay's investigation of Edwin
Page 239 and 240:
Investor Photo #012D Popping a coil
Page 241 and 242:
capacitors connected in series, wit
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
PULSE WIDTH TIME IN mS went to the
Page 247 and 248:
TOP DEAD CENTER 0° REFERENCE Accor
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
The recovery and simple analysis of
Page 253 and 254:
FILTER CAPACITOR + 2 OHM 200 WATT R
Page 255 and 256:
Subject: CSET design Date: Sun Feb
Page 257 and 258:
Date: Fri Feb 28, 2003 8:25 pm (Tim
Page 259 and 260:
(Tad Johnson) I'm being as careful
Page 261 and 262:
SANGAMO ENERGY DISCHARGE CAPACITOR
Page 263 and 264:
(Alan Francoeur) But I also measure
Page 265 and 266:
Subject: Progress Date: Sun Mar 30,
Page 267 and 268:
● all electrical connections were
Page 269 and 270:
Mark Gray claims that the heart and
Page 271 and 272:
Mark Gray claims that some potentia
Page 273 and 274:
Radio Frequency (RF) Generator Gene
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Some time during 1987 - 1988, Gray
Page 279 and 280:
The two-channel trace from the osci
Page 281 and 282:
What “maximum squareness” means
Page 283 and 284:
Zo = 112 Ohms Td of 293 nS. 50 KV 8
Page 285 and 286:
MIKE BRADY’S “PERENDEV” MAGNE
Page 287 and 288:
Fig.3 is a perspective view showing
Page 289 and 290:
Fig.7 is a perspective view showing
Page 291 and 292:
In the rotor assembly 30 of Fig.2,
Page 293 and 294:
Fig.7 shows a typical magnetic sour
Page 295 and 296:
DONALD A. KELLY ABSTRACT Patent US
Page 297 and 298:
This series of magnetic oscillating
Page 299 and 300:
Because there is no natural, lock-i
Page 301 and 302:
Fig.3 is an enlarged top view of on
Page 303 and 304:
An arm 9, is fastened to a flat fac
Page 305 and 306:
Fig.2 is a vertical transverse cros
Page 307 and 308:
Fig.6 is a vertical, longitudinal,
Page 309 and 310:
Working inside the cylinders 12 are
Page 311 and 312:
Leroy K. Rogers Patent US 4,292,804
Page 313 and 314:
Preferred embodiments of a method a
Page 315 and 316:
Fig.6 is a cross-sectional view of
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
tapped hole in the cylinder 20 typi
Page 321 and 322:
A second embodiment of a valve actu
Page 323 and 324:
otates faster, the other end 98 of
Page 325 and 326:
In normal operation (as seen in Fig
Page 327 and 328:
Eber Van Valkinburg Patent US 3,744
Page 329 and 330:
Referring to the drawings in detail
Page 331 and 332:
Since the pump depends for its supp
Page 333 and 334:
Briefly, in one aspect the engine o
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Fig.12 is a cross-sectional view si
Page 339 and 340:
Fig.14 is a schematic diagram of an
Page 341 and 342:
A - 1163
Page 343 and 344:
A - 1165
Page 345 and 346:
Figs.20A-20F are schematic diagrams
Page 347 and 348:
Note: Corresponding reference chara
Page 349 and 350:
Integral with the piston bodies are
Page 351 and 352:
The piston has a generally semi-tor
Page 353 and 354:
Referring back to Fig.13A, for engi
Page 355 and 356:
As piston 39A reaches BDC, distribu
Page 357 and 358:
mixture and do not combine because
Page 359 and 360:
These wires are about twelve gauge,
Page 361 and 362:
cold-cathode tube 391, and an x-ray
Page 363 and 364:
Fig.17D), polariser 289, branch B17
Page 365 and 366:
Robert Britt US Patent 3,977,191 31
Page 367 and 368:
Fig.3 is an elevational view of the
Page 369 and 370:
Fig.7 is an electrical schematic of
Page 371 and 372:
Referring now to Fig.3 of the drawi
Page 373 and 374:
and drives Q1 into conduction. The
Page 375 and 376:
Floyd Sweet Recently, some addition
Page 377 and 378:
The day when we witnessed the VTA d
Page 379 and 380:
up to see Floyd. Floyd was with the
Page 381 and 382:
Energy cannot enter a space of zero
Page 383 and 384:
electromagnetic and gravitational f
Page 385 and 386:
or in another form: So, the e.m.f.
Page 387 and 388:
Example 2: Suppose the conductor wi
Page 389 and 390:
Meguer Kalfaian There is a patent a
Page 391 and 392:
Fig.2 illustrates a controlled top
Page 393 and 394:
Fig.9 is a modification of Fig.6; a
Page 395 and 396:
the outer periphery of the magnet,
Page 397 and 398:
wobbling top is sufficient, as proo
Page 399 and 400:
Theodore Annis & Patrick Eberly US
Page 401 and 402:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS F
Page 403 and 404:
Fig.6 is a schematic diagram of a s
Page 405 and 406:
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERR
Page 407 and 408:
Fig.5 is a detail drawing of an alt
Page 409 and 410:
In the preferred implementation of
Page 411 and 412:
William McDavid junior US Patent 6,
Page 413 and 414:
This sloping floor causes the drive
Page 415 and 416:
FIG.3 is a side elevational view of
Page 417 and 418:
FIG.9 is a horizontal cross-section
Page 419 and 420:
otational downstream annular chambe
Page 421 and 422:
In Fig.5 is shown a perspective vie
Page 423 and 424:
small hydro-electric version of the
Page 425 and 426:
Fig.10 is a perspective view of a s
Page 427 and 428:
longitudinally mounted in the upstr
Page 429 and 430:
shaft in the central aperture, said
Page 431 and 432:
Scientific Papers The following lin
Page 433 and 434:
http://www.free-energy-info.co.uk/M
show all

A Practical Guide to 'Free-Energy' Devices

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?