A grammar and dictionary of the Malay language : with a preliminary ...

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clxxxii DISSERTATION. expects a reply, that of the Australians being an emigration from some distant land. It is quite enough to say that there is no trace of such a people, or of such languages as theirs, in any other known part of the world, and that to fancy that the feeblest and rudest of mankind, whose skill does not extend to the hollowing of the trunk of a tree into a canoe to cross a river, should have been able, when, probably, even ruder than now, to have crossed broad seas, or any seas, in order to reach their present home, is hardly reasonable. I have carefully gone over the lists, of various length, of about thirty languages of all the discovered parts of Australia, in quest of Malayan words, but in none of them have I found a single word, or the trace or semblance of one. They might have been expected in the language of Raffles' Bay, not distant from the scene of the Tripang fisheries of the natives of Celebes but they are equally absent from this, as from the other languages. Although the Tripang fishers occasionally see natives of Australia, they hold no intercourse with them; and, from what I know of the opinions and prejudices of the former, I am satisfied they would no more think of a social intercourse with them, than with the kangaroos or wild dogs of the same country. Having now rendered such a sketch of the languages in which Malay and Javanese words are found, as I have been able, I procBcd to ofler somc observations on the migrations or Migrations ^'^" ?Iyan wauderiugs through which such words have come to be nations. disseminated. In this inquiry language must atl'oid the chief evidence ; but I shall also endeavour to draw assistance from the ascertained character of the various tribes concerned, and from the physical characteristics of the countries they occupy. It is to be supposed that any civilisation worth adopting by other nations must have begun and spread in the Indian Archi- pelago, as in other parts of the globe, from one or more given points, and as the Malay and Javanese languages are the only two that are mixed with the languages of distant tribes, I have placed the foci from which such civilisation emanated in the great islands of Sumatra and Java, the pi'incipal nations of which were far in advance of all tlicir neighbours when authen- tic information respecting tlic Archipelago was first obtained. ;
DISSERTATION. clxx.\ui I proceed, therefore, with the inquiry on this assumption, endeavouring, at the same time, to show what the Malays and Javanese themselves derived from strangers. One of the first great steps in the progress of society is the domestication of the useful animals, for food or labour, and this great step has been immemorially taken by the Malays tioiTofuse- and Javanese, as attested by the native names which u ammai,.^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ nearly all the domesticated animals. The following arc their names in the two languages : Dog. Hog. Domestic fowl. Goat. Buffalo. Ox. Horse. Elephant. Duck. Goose. Cat. Anjing. Babi. Ayam. MALAY. Karubing, bebek. Karbau. Lambu, sapi. Kuda. Beram, gajah. Itik, bebek. Angsa. Kuehing. Asu. — Cheleng, bawi. Pitik, ayam. Wadus. Kcibo, mahisa. Sapi, banting. Jaran, kuda. Gnjah. Bebek. Gangsa. Kuehing. I have arranged the animals in the order in which it is pro- bable they were respectively domesticated. With one exception, all the animals enumerated are natives of Sumatra or Java, and most, if not all of them, are still found in the wild state. The exception is the goose, which has a Sanskrit name, and being unknown in the wild state in all the Malayan countries, is, without question, of foreign introduction. The popular name for the elephant, everywhere, is the Sanskrit one, " gajah,^' but as the animal is a denizen of the forests of the Peninsula and Sumatra, the probability is that this has arisen from the Hindus having instructed the natives in the art of taming it, a supposi- tion corroborated by the fact, that all the gear and trappings of the elephant, with the name of the conductor, are also Sanskrit. Some of the names of the other animals above given, as will be presently seen, have been widely diffused over many languages. I may suppose the next material step in the advance of socicty to Cultivation of plants, be the raising of corn and fruits. The following are a few of the words connected with this subject which have had a very wide difi'usion : —
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Oa^i«^/Vii^j. ( .(fc
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GRAMMAR AND DICTIONARY MALAY LANGUA
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THE BARON ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT Si
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viii TREPACE. Mr. Marsdeiij my book
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A DISSERTATION AFFINITIES OF THE MA
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DISSERTATION. iii history refute th
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DISSERTATION. V the ideas which the
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DISSEETATION. vii they contain, jus
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DISSERTATION. ix this kind of circu
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DISSERTATION. xi fetta. Magellan ha
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DISSERTATION. xiii An examination o
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DISSERTATION. xv sabtu, "Saturday/'
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DISSEKTATION-. XvU inherent vowel.
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DISSERTATION. lix ABBREVIATIONS OF
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" the creator," literally, " he who
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DISSERTATION. xxiii Javanese anabra
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DISSERTATION. xxv for the ordinary,
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DISSERTATION. xxvii sdsaton, " wild
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DISSERTATION. xxxi the permutation
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VULGAR. Tagal. Samarang. Madura. Ba
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DISSERTATION. xxxvii usually stated
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DISSERTATION. xxxix easily intellig
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DISSERTATION. xli letter of the alp
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DISSERTATION, xliii as Sumeru, the
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DTSSEKTATION. xlv the Archipelago t
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DISSEETATIOX. xlvii come along, and
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DISSERTATION. xlix had also settlem
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DISSERTATION. time ai'e sudah, tala
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DISSERTATION. sinjang, " cloth ; "
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DISSERTATION. Ivii The ordinal numb
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DISSEKTATION. Ijx It Avould be curi
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DISSERTATIOX, l^^i The only specime
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DISSERTATION. Ixiii for the aspirat
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DISSERTATION. Ixv case, which is fo
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DISSERTATION. Ixvii therefore, in o
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DISSERTATION. Ixix relation are not
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DISSERTATION. Ixxi are in the follo
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DISSERTATION, Ixxiil rous. For the
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MADURESE. Elan, Jaga, sans. Eutar.
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DISSERTATION. hxvii words are forei
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DISSERTATION. Ixxix three letters ^
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" here ; ; ; DISSERTATION. Ixxxi "
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DTSSERTATIOX. Ixxxiii themselves in
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^ DISSERTATION. hxxv advanced of th
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— DISSERTATION, Ixxxvii vowel o,
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BUGIS.
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DISSERTATION. xci Bugis prouuuciati
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DISSERTATION. xciii guages, the Sum
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DISSERTATION. xcv Judging by these
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DISSERTATION. xcvii much larger tha
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ENGLISH. DISSEKTATION.
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DISSERTATION. ci particles differ e
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DISSERTATION. ciii considerable adv
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DISSERTATION. CT voyages extended n
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DISSEETATION. cvii each, and which
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DISSERTATION, cix prefix one which
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DISSERTATION. cxi for its genitive
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DISSERTATION. cxiii inaralan ; plup
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DISSERTATION. CXT Tagala or Bisaya,
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DISSERTATION. cxvii The same corrup
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cxx DISSERTATION. more in concrete
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cxxii DISSERTATION. 25 of these wor
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cxxiv
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DISSERTATION. cxxvii western part o
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DISSERTATIOX. c.Txix of his theory.
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Page 157 and 158: DISSERTATION. cxli the changes prod
Page 159 and 160: DISSERTATION. cxlv islands, or at l
Page 161 and 162: DISSERTATION. cxlvii storm into the
Page 163 and 164: in the Negro ; well-proportioned ;
Page 165 and 166: DISSERTATION. cli of which it is h.
Page 167 and 168: MALAGASI. DISSERTATION, cliii
Page 169 and 170: MALAGASI. DISSERTATION.
Page 171 and 172: DISSERTATION. clvii although, by vi
Page 173 and 174: DISSERTATION. clix Polynesia. The p
Page 175 and 176: DISSERTATION. clxi many miglit be c
Page 177 and 178: DISSERTATION. clxiii- parts also of
Page 179 and 180: DISSERTATION. ckv African Negro. Th
Page 181 and 182: DISSERTATION. clxvii Proceeding eas
Page 183 and 184: DISSERTATION. clxix On the authorit
Page 185 and 186: « ^' -3 -^ . -^ .^ ^11 J a DISSERT
Page 187 and 188: DISSERTATION. clxxiii The conclusio
Page 189 and 190: DISSERTATION. clxxv and their conso
Page 191 and 192: J DISSERTATION. clxxvii is to the s
Page 193 and 194: DISSERTATION. clxxix eighteen verbs
Page 195: DISSERTATION. clxxxi Boripar, and Y
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Page 202: cl>IxxxviH
Page 205 and 206: DISSERTATION. cxci The names given
Page 208 and 209: cxeiv DISSERTATION. of iron ordnanc
Page 210 and 211: cxcvi DISSERTATION. The Malay and J
Page 212 and 213: cxcviii DISSEETATION. prevalence of
Page 214 and 215: cc DISSEKTATION. ENGLISH. MALAY. JA
Page 217: DISSERTATION. coiii and "princess."
Page 220 and 221: ccvi DISSEETATION. tliem, and that
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Page 227 and 228: DISSERTATION. ccxiii not belong to
Page 229 and 230: DISSERTATION. ccxv 'riie cultivated
Page 231 and 232: DISSERTATION. cc.wii The influence
Page 233 and 234: DISSERTATION. ccxix The first five
Page 235 and 236: DISSERTATION". ccxxi Malayan, and a
Page 237 and 238: DISSERTATION. ccxxiii Two languages
Page 239 and 240: ENGLISH.
Page 241 and 242: DISSERTATION. ccxxvii tlie Malayan,
Page 244: DISSERTATION. barley (?), and the f
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DISSERTATION, ccxxxiii Of this clas
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ccxxxvi DISSERTATION. referring to
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ccxxxviii
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ccxl DISSERTATION. in 1000 of the w
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ccxlii DISSERTATION. Pacific island
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cexliv DISSERTATION. two synonymes
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ccxl'vi DISSERTATION. west, and ext
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ccxlvlii DISSERTATION. inhabitants.
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ccl DISSERTATION. Thin, sleuder.
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cclii DISSERTATION. less intermixtu
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ccliv DISSERTATION. lying between t
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cclvi BISSERTATIOX. that the migrat
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cclvlii DISSERTATION. account, that
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cclx DISSERTATION. immigration." *
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cclxii DISSEETATION. " thousand," a
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cclxiv DISSERTATION. au example of
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cclxvi DISSEETATION. into Madagasca
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cclxviii DISSERTATION. also, both t
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cclxx DISSEETATION. " pepper fruit/
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cclxxii DISSERTATION, expected, app
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ccl.x DISSERTATION. Among the class
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cclxxvi DISSERTATION. be added. In
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cclxxvlii DISSERTATION. the assista
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cclxxx DISSERTATION. by the arrival
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cclxxxii DISSERTATION. ornamental m
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cclxxxiv DISSERTATION. It may be ob
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cclxxxvi DISSERTATION. termed provi
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cclxxxviii DISSERTATION. and never
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ccxc DISSERTATION. persons under Li
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A GRAMMAR THE MALAY LANGUAGE. ORTHO
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ORTHOGKAPHY. 3 distinct character f
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OKTHOGEAPHY. 5 by Roman letters as
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ab t PEONUNCIATION. 7 LETTERS OF TH
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PARTS OF SPEECH. 9 the k is elided
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NOUN. 11- rang buiiga ini; tarlalu
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NOUN. 13 balakang, balik, susor, si
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NOUN. lo D^ri may be rendered in En
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NOLTN. 17 Antara and the two next p
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NOUN. 19 naga makutaiia dariprida p
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ADJECTIVE. 21 chantik, molek ; her
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NUMERALS. 23 the system of numerati
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PRONOUNS. 25 are used only in addre
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PEONOUNS. 27 To the personal pronou
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VERB. 29 the summit of the island.
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VERB. 31 Transitive Verb.—A trans
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VERB. 33 suwaraiia, sapurti buhih p
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VERB. 35 as to a radical, by the af
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VERB. 37 and the nasal ng substitut
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VEKB. 59 from labuh, to anchor, par
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VEK13. 4L miuer, aud also, a diggin
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VERB. 4.;} words of the language^ l
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VERB. 45 saudarafia, utus-mangutus,
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VERB. ^T not easy to understand. Ji
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Sakutika barwayang, a^-ampun barkuk
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VERB. 51 Saorftng p^rampiian mud'a
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VERB. 53 affix kan may be the prepo
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generally some reference to an ante
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KEDUFLlCATIOiS\ 57 constant occurre
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SYNTAX. 59 The object follows the v
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PROSODY. 61 PROSODY. The Malay lang
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MISCELLANEOUS REMAEKS. 63 consists
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MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS. Go speech ;
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MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS. 67 Indian is
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MlSCELLAiSEoUS REMARKS. 69 very cop
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IDIOMS. 71 sister ; ayah and ayahan
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HISTORY UF THE LANGUAGE. 73 the peo
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DlALEGTSc 75 arisen^ more from the
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LITER ATUKR. 77 author. All Malay l
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LITERATURE. 79 like that of a rose
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LITERATURE. 81 all drank, pledging
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LITERATURE. 83 examples, in additio
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