A grammar and dictionary of the Malay language : with a preliminary ...

1
DISSERTATION.
native trade generally consists of at the present day, and the
statement is a very faithful one.*
After the account which has been given of the INTalay and
Javanese languages, they may be compared with each other.
^^ examination of the Malay, excluding its foreign
Com arisen
of the Ma- elements, shows that out of 1000 words 285 are
lay and
'
Javanese, common to it and the Javanese, and a similar one of
the Javanese that 240 out of 1000 are common to it and
the Malay. Of the Malay, 715 parts, and of the Javanese
7 GO appear to be native, and the probability is, in so far as the
words are common to them, that these two languages, in the
course of many ages, have been interchanging words, and not
that both have received what is common to them from a third
language, since no such language can be pointed out, or
even rationally conjectured.
Among the many words which differ wholly in the two
languages are the prepositions, but particularly such of them
as represent the relations expressed by cases in languages of
complex structure, with the auxiliaries which express the
tenses of the verb. In Malay the prepositions referred to
are di, ka, pada, akan, "to," "at,'' ''in," "for," dangan
"with," dari "from," ulih "by," dalam "in," luar "out,"
atas "above," bawah "below," dakat and ampir "near,"
ad*ap " before," balakang " behind." The corresponding ones
in Javanese are ing "to," "at," "in," marang, d'atang, taka,
"to," "for," sangking "from," barang "with," jaroh "in,"
jaba " out," duwur " above," ngisor " below," chalak and par^k
" near," arap " before," buri " behind." In so far, then, as
regards the prepositions representing the relations which are
expressed by inflections in languages of complex structure,
they differ, it will appear from this, in the two languages.
Some of the other prepositions, however, are taken occasionally
from foreign sources, but only as synonyraes. Thus the
Sanskrit words sama and sarta are in Malay used for dangan
"with," and antara "between," for the Malay salang and
the Javanese lat. The Malay auxiliaries which express past
• Libi-o di Odoardo Bavbosa. Raniusio, vol. I.