A grammar and dictionary of the Malay language : with a preliminary ...

xxTi
DISSEKTATION.
and kaemutan, "remembrance ;'' from rasa, "to taste/' kara-
saan, "taste or feeling;" from duwur, "high," panduwur,
"height;" from amuk, "to run a muck," pangamuk, "a
muck ;" from buri, " behind," pamburi, " the rear ;" from
ar&p, "before," pambarap, "the front," and also "first-born
child ;" from gawa, " to bear or carry," panggawa, " a bearer or
carrier," and also the title of the principal Javanese ministers
of State ; from machan, " a tiger," pamachanan, " a tiger-house"
or "place for keeping tigers;" from Sunda, "the Sunda people,"
Pasundan, "the country of the Sundas ;" from omah and griya,
"a house," pomahan and pagriyana, "homestead or homestall;"
from tilam, "to sleep," patilaman, "a sleeping-place;" from
manusa, "a man," kamanusan, "mankind" or "human nature."
When a radical ends with the vowel i, the a of the affix an is
turned into e, and when in u into o ; as from bopati, "a noble of
the first order," bopaten or kabopaten, " the class of nobles of
the first order;" from grami, "trade," gramen, "merchandise;"
from chalatu, " to speak," clialaton, " speech." A nasal is some-
times interposed for euphony; as from sae, "good" in the
ceremonial language, saenan, " goodness or virtue." In Malay,
the vowel which follows the prefix in p is always a, but in
Javanese it is generally a, sometimes a, and occasionally i ; as
from gawe, "to do," pagaweyan, "employment;" from bagi,
''to divide," pambagi, "division, portion, or share;" from
tapung, "to join or unite," pitapung, "junction or union."
With the initial prefix p, also, there are commutations of other
consonants with nasals, and the consonant is frequently placed
before its vowel ; as from jurit, " war," prajurit, " a warrior or
soldier;" from kara, "to do," prakara, "an afi'air;" and from
tand'a, "to mark" or "a mark," pratand-a, "a token or sign."
Besides these modes of forming abstract nouns, thei'e is another
almost peculiar to the Javanese, for there are but very few
examples of it in Malay. This consists in doubling the first
syllable of the radical, which, however, if it terminate in the
vowels a or u, these are turned into ^ ; as from bakal, the name
of a class of small officers, babakal, the class or order of such
small officers ; from bm-u, " to pursue or chase," buburon,
"beasts of the chase or game;" from sata, "a wild beast,"