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108 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. Spores pyriform, on simple or branching stalks from a basal placenta........... 13 11. Wall of the conceptacle thin, composed of the divisions of an involucre united by jelly ..................................................................................................... Spyridieæ, Wall of conceptacle thick, sporiferous masses arranged around a placentaRhodymenieæ. 12. Filaments arising from a single cell at the base of a thin membranaceous conceptacle which is sunk in the frond... Scinaia (Nemalieæ). Filaments arising from a distinct basal placenta, conceptacles external ..................................................... Sphærococcoideæ. 13. Fronds coated with a calcareous incrustation............................. Corallineæ. Fronds without incrustation ...........................................................Rhodomeleæ. FLORIDEÆ INCERTÆ SEDIS. TRENTEPOHLIA, (Ag.) Prings. (Named in honor of Johann Friederich Trentepohl, of Oldenburg.) Fronds arising from a cellular base, filamentous, branching, composed, of short cells placed end to end, branches ending in a hair; spores single, borne in oval cells terminating lateral branches; antheridia and tetraspores unknown. A genus which in the present paper comprises a number of small marine species placed by some writers in Callithamnion and by others in Chantransia. In the Nereis Am. Bor., Harvey placed T. Daviesii and T. virgatula in Callithamnion. But cystocarps and antheridia are wanting, and according to Thuret and Bornet, Areschoug, and Pringsheim, the spores are undivided, although, on the other hand, Agardh and Harvey state that they are tripartite tetraspores. We have never seen any indication of division in American specimens. The genus Chantransia as limited by Thuret included not only marine species, but a number of fresh-water forms. Sirodot, however, in his Étude sur la Famille des Lémanéacées, Annales des Sciences, 5th Series, Vol. XVI, has shown that at least some of the fresh-water species of Chantransia are nothing but the initial stage of different species of Lemaneæ. On the other hand, Chantransia investiens, Lenor., a minute fresh-water alga which grows on different species of Batrachospermum, and which is made the type of the genus Balbiania by Sirodot, has distinct antheridia, trichogynes, and cystocarps, and this is also the case with the marine species C. corymbifera described by Bornet and Thuret in Notes Algologiques. The species of Chantransia, then, may be divided into two sets. In the first, including C. investiens of fresh water and the marine C. corymbifera, we have autonomous species related to Callithamnion, and differing in the simpler procarp and cystocarp and in the undivided non-sexual spores. In the second set we have the numerous fresh-water Chantransiæ, in which there are no cystocarps, in which the species are not autonomous, but merely prothalloid stages of other species. The question remains as to the relations of the marine Chantransiæ in which no cystocarps nor antheridia have been found. Judging from analogy, if they are initial stages of other plants, those plants must be members of the Nemalieæ, But the habitat seems to forbid such an assumption, since the marine Chantransiæ abound on Zostera, Rhodymenia, and other algæ on which certainly no species of Nemalion or other related genera occur on our coast. We have thought best, in the absence of direct information with regard to cystocarps and antheridia in the species here included,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 109 to retain the name Trentepohlia which was once adopted by Harvey, and at a later date also by Pringsheim, since it sufficiently indicates that the species in question should be kept distinct from Callithamnion, and at the same time does not assume the existence of cystocarps like those described by Thuret and Bornet in C. corymbifera. T. VIRGATULA, (Harv.). (Callithamnion virgatulum, Harv., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 313; Ner. Am. Bor., Part II, p. 243.) Pl. X, Fig. 3. Fronds minute, tufted, branches erect, straight, alternate or secund; spores sessile or on short stalks, borne either singly or in twos and threes along the branches. Var. SECUNDATA. (Callithamnion luxurians, Ner. Am. Bor. — C. secundatum, Lyngb.) Branches patent, with attenuated, naked, secund, secondary branches. On Ceramium, Laminaria stems, and other algæ. The variety especially on Zostera. Common in Long Island Sound; Gloucester, Mass.; Peak’s Island, Maine. A common species found in summer on different algæ. On the filamentous species it forms small tufts, and on Zostera it fringes the margins of the leaves with a fine plush scarcely more than a quarter or half an inch high. The synonymy of the species is very complicated, it having been confused with the next by some writers. The variety is common on Zostera, and is usually found in American herbaria bearing the name of C. luxurians. There is little doubt that it is the C. luxurians of the Nereis Am. Bor., but whether it is the species described under that name by Agardh is doubtful. T. DAVIESII, Harv. (Conferva Daviesii, Engl. Bot., Pl. 2329.—Callithamnion Daviesii, Phyc. Brit., Pl. 314.) Fronds minute, tufted, branches scattered, patent, bearing in their axils fasciculated ramuli, at whose tips are borne the spores. On Rhodymenia. Gloucester, Mass. The limits of the species are not well marked. The extreme form is found in C. efflorescent, Thuret, kept as a distinct species by most writers, in which the branches are few, long, and given off at wide angles, and the spores borne in dense corymbs or heads in the axils. This form has been found on Cystoclonium purpurascens at Gay Head. Among the genera whose relations to the Florideæ must be considered doubtful are Choreocolax and Pseudoblaste, described by Reinsch in Contributiones ad Algologiam et Fungologiam. Of the last-named genus a single species, of the former five species, are attributed to the eastern coast of America. The species of Choreocolax consist merely of rose-colored filaments, which are parasitic in the fronds of different Florideæ, upon the surface of which they produce irregularly swollen masses, composed in part of the threads of the Choreocolax and in part of the distorted tissues of the host-plant. The species of Pseudoblaste consist of aggregations of cells arranged in longitudinal series, which form hemispherical masses on the surface of different Florideæ. In neither genus is any form of reproduction known, and, for this reason, the descriptions of Reinsch must be regarded as inadequate, since it by no means follows that plants consisting of rose-colored filaments belong to the Florideæ. One often finds on our coast Florideæ whose
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