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42 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. Eastport, Maine; Gloucester, Nahant, Mass.; Northern Europe. Autumn. This, by far the most striking of our Monostromata, grows luxuriantly in the large tide-pool at Dog Island, Eastport, where it attains a length of one foot. In habit it resembles Ulva lactuca var. rigida, but it is of a deeper green. Our specimens were collected in the month of September. As it occurs at Nahant the species is not generally more than two or three inches long, and recalls the figure of Ulva obscura, Kütz., Tab. Phyc., Pl. 12, No. 2. It is found in the clefts of exposed rocks, late in the season. Its color is a deep green when growing, which becomes brownish in drying. It does not adhere well to paper. M. CREPIDINUM, n. sp. Fronds delicate, light green, one to three inches long, flabellately orbiculate, split to the base, segments obovate, .018-36 mm thick, cells roundish-angular, intercellular substance prominent. Government wharf, Wood’s Holl, Mass. August. This small species is common on the piles of the wharf at Wood’s Holl. It is very soft, and collapses on removing it from the water. It preserves its color well on paper. The above name is given provisionally, as we are not able to refer the species to any known form. It resembles M. Wittrockcii, Bornet, a species, we believe, not yet described. Except in its small size, it is very near M. orbiculatum, Thur., but the thickness of that species, as given by Wittrock, is .032-40 mm . An examination of a specimen collected by Thuret, however, gives the same measurement as our species. If the species eventually is united with M. orbiculatum, the present must be regarded as a small form. ULVA, (L.) Le Jolis. (Supposed to be from ul, Celtic for water.) Fronds simple or branching, consisting of two layers of cells, which are either in close contact with one another or else at maturity separate so as to form a tubular frond. We have followed Le Jolis in uniting the old genera Ulva and Enteromorpha, and we might perhaps have gone farther and united Monostroma with Ulva, for if Monostroma Grevillei when young resembles an Enteromorpha, in its older stages it splits into membranes consisting of a single layer of cells, which are certainly imbedded in a certain amount of gelatinous substance, yet so little as to make it doubtful whether to call the frond parenchymatous or not. U. LACTUCA, (Linn.) Le Jolis. (Ulva latissima and rigida, Ag. & Auct. recent.—U. latissima, Grev. & Harv.—Phycoseris gigantea, myriotrema, australis, &c., Kütz.) Pl. III. Fig. 1. Frond flat, thick, unbranched, variously more or less ovate in outline, divided, the two layers of cells adherent. α. Var. RIGIDA, (Ag.) Le Jolis. (U. rigida, Ag.—U. latissima, Harv.‚ Phyc. Brit., partim.—Phycoseris australis, Kütz.) Frond rigid, rather thick, generally deeply divided, laciniæ irregularly lacerateerose, the base of frond more dense and deeply colored than the rest.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 43 β. Var. LACTUCA, Le Jolis. (U. latissima, Harv., partim.—Phycoseris gigantea, Kütz.) Frond orbicular, oblong or elongate-fasciate, simple, undivided or scarcely Lobed, frequently spirally contorted. γ. Var. LATISSIMA, Le Jolis. Frond simple, at first cuneate-substipitate, afterwards broadly expanded. Very common all over the world, especially in brackish waters. The present species nearly corresponds to the Ulva latissima of the Nereis Am. Bor., but is not the U. Lactuca of that work. It is distinguished from the remaining species by being always flat, never tubular at any age, and by its more or less orbicular outline not becoming linear or ribbon-shaped. Var. α is the common Ulva on rocks and in pools exposed to the action of the waves. The frond, although not very large, is rigid, and does not adhere well to paper in drying. In outline it is orbicular, and is generally deeply incised. Var. β has a more elongated shape, and is generally plicato-undulate. Var. γ is very common in brackish places on the mud, and attains a very Large size. When fully grown it has no definite shape, but is ragged on the margin and often perforated. Ulva enteromorpha, Le Jolis. Frond linear or lanceolate in outline, attenuated at base, the two layers of cells either entirely separating, so as to form a tubular frond, or slightly cohering, forming a flat frond. α. Var. LANCEOLATA, Le Jolis. (Ulva Linza, Greville & Harvey.—Phycoseris lanceolata and crispata, Kützing.) Frond narrow, flat, ribbon-shaped, unbranched, much attenuated at base, margin somewhat crisped, sometimes so much so that the frond appears spirally twisted. β. Var. INTESTINALIS, Le Jolis. (Enteromorpha intestinalis, Auct.) Frond simple, attenuated, and subcompressed at base, above tubuloso-inflated. γ. Var. COMPRESSA, Le Jolis. (Ulva compressa, L.— Enteromorpha compressa, Auct.) Frond tubuloso-compressed, generally proliferously branched, branches uniform, simple, attenuate at the base, broader and obtuse at the apex, color somewhat dingy. Very common all over the world, particularly in brackish water. This species includes the Ulva Linza, Enteromorpha intestinalis, and Enteromorpha comressa of the Nereis Am. Bor., which can only be regarded as varieties of one species. The species reaches its highest development in the var. β (Enteromorpha intestinalis, Auct.), which is excessively common in all shallow water along our coast, and is conspicuously disagreeable by its resemblance in shape to the swollen intestines of some animal. The species approaches Ulva Lactuca, L., in var. α, which is not so common as the other forms of the species whose long ribbon-like fronds are compressed instead of tubular, as in var. β. In var. γ, with branching instead of simple fronds, the
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