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186 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. Filaments without a gelatinous sheath, spores next to the heterocysts Sphærozyga. 12. Filaments with a gelatinous sheath ......................................... 15 Filaments without a gelatinous sheath .......................................... 13 13. Filaments spirally twisted ........................................... Spirulina. Filaments not spirally twisted ........................................................ 14 14. Cells bluish or purplish green ..................................... Oscillaria. Cells colorless or containing opaque granules .................. Beggiatoa. 15. Filaments free ................................................................. Lyngbya. Filaments adherent in meshes ........................................... Symploca. Filaments united in bundles and surrounded by a general gelatinous sheath Microcoleus. 16. Filaments free ............................................................... Calothrix. Filaments imbedded in a dense mass of jelly ................................. 17 17. Filaments nearly parallel, fronds forming a thin expansion Isactis. Filaments diverging from the base of the hemispherical or somewhat flattened fronds ................................................................... Rivularia. Filaments simple at the surface and forking in the interior of the vesicular fronds Hormactis. 18. Fronds unicellular ..................................................................... 19 Fronds multicellular ........................................................................ 20 19. Cells small, ovoidal, prolonged into a long, root-like process at the base Codiolum. Cells large, filamentous, pinnately branching .................... Bryopsis. Cells large, with few, erect, alternate branches, some of which swell at the end and bear numerous spores ............................................................ Derbesia. Cells very long, cylindrical, with irregular or subdichotomous branches, spores large, solitary, in special lateral or terminal cells. ........................................................................................Vaucheria. 20. Fronds membranaceous ............................................................ 21 Fronds filamentous .......................................................................... 22 21. Fronds formed of a single layer of cells .................. Monostroma. Fronds composed of two layers of cells, which in some cases separate so as to form tubular fronds ....................................................................... Ulva. 22. Filaments simple ....................................................................... 23 Filaments branching ....................................................................... 24 23. Small algæ, filaments soft and flaccid ........................... Ulothrix. Rather coarse algæ, filaments more or less rigid, often twisted together Chætomorpha. 24. Some of the cells bearing long, hyaline hairs .......... Bulbocoleon. Hairs wanting .................................................................................. 25 25 Branches small and root-like ................................. Rhizoclonium. Branches distinct ............................................................ Cladophora. 26. Fronds irregularly globose, hollow, gelatinous ........... Leathesia. Fronds forming crusts or expanded pellicles .................................. 27
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 187 Fronds small, tufted, composed of a dense basal portion and an outer portion composed of free filaments ......................................................................... 28 Fronds tubular, unbranched ........................................................... 29 Fronds filamentous .......................................................................... 31 Fronds membranaceous, expanded ................................................. 41 27. Fronds densely parenchymatous throughout, fruit in external spots Ralfsia. Fronds minute, thin, formed of a basal horizontal layer of cells and short vertical filaments, between which the sporangia are borne. ...................................................................................... Myrionema. 28. Free filaments all alike .............................................. Myriactis.* Free filaments of two kinds, one short and the other exserted. ................................................................................ Elochistea. [sic] 29. Fronds simple, hollow throughout, substance thin .................. 30 Fronds simple, cylindrical, somewhat cartilaginous, with numerous diaphragms Chorda. Fronds branching substance thin, sporangia large, arranged in transverse lines Striaria. 30. Sporangia densely covering the surface .................. Scytosiphon. Sporangia external in scattered spots ......................... Asperococcus. 31. Fronds capillary, branching, formed of single rows of cells (monosiphonous) Ectocarpus. Fronds cylindrical, solid or occasionally becoming partially hollow with age 32 32. Fronds slimy, composed of an axial layer of elongated filaments and a distinct cortical layer of short, horizontal filaments ............................. 33 Fronds composed of elongated internal cells, which become smaller and polygonal at the surface ........................................................................................ 35 Fronds, at least in the younger portions, formed of cells of nearly uniform length, arranged in transverse bands, without any proper cortical layer 38 33. Fronds tough and dense .............................................. Chordaria. Fronds soft and flaccid ..................................................................... 34 34. Outer cells of cortex producing plurilocular sporangiaCastagnea. Outer cells of cortex not producing plurilocular sporangia ........................... Mesogloia. 35. Fronds traversed by a central filament formed of large cylindrical cells placed end to end .............................................................................................. 36 Fronds destitute of distinct axile filament ..................................... 37 36. Sporangia in branching, monosiphonous filaments, which form tufted whorls on the branches ................................................................... Arthrocladia. Sporangia inconspicuous, formed from the cortical cells Desmarestia. 37. Sporangia globose, prominent in the cortical layer Dictyosiphon. *When reference is made in Myriactis and the following genera of Phæosporeæ to free external filaments, it should be understood that only filaments whose cells contain coloring matter are meant, and that no account is to be taken of the numerous hyaline hairs with which most of the species of Phæosporeæ are covered at certain seasons.
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I.-THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND.
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH
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