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30 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. 2. Filaments furnished with heterocysts........................................10 Filaments destitute of heterocysts................................................3 3. Filaments spirally twisted .............................................Spirulina. Filaments not twisted ...................................................................4 4. Filaments without a distinct sheath.............................................5 Filaments formed of one or more colored trichomata contained in a transparent sheath.............................................................................................6 5. Cells bluish green or purple.......................................... Oscillaria. Cells colorless, or filled with minute black grains ....... Beggiatoa. 6. Sheath containing several trichomata....................... Microcoleus. Sheath containing only one trichoma ..............................Lyngbya, 7. Filaments free, forming tufts of indefinite extent......... Calothrix. Filaments united by a more or less firm gelatinous substance, frond of definite shape and extent ......................................................................................8 8. Heterocysts basal, i.e., placed at the base of the principal filaments and branches ........................................................................................................9 Heterocysts intercalary .................................................Hormactis. 9. Frond hemispherical or vesiculose, filaments radiating from the base Rivularia. Frond plane, filaments parallel .......................................... Isactis. 10. Filaments destitute of a sheath .................................Sphærozyga. Filaments consisting of a trichoma in a sheath ...........Nodularia. SPHÆROZYGA, Ag. (From σφαιρα [sphaira], a sphere, and ζυγος [zygos], a yoke.) Filaments free, destitute of sheath. Spores produced in the cells adjacent to the heterocysts. S. CARMICHAELII, Harv., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 113 a. (Cylindrospermum, Kütz., Spec. Alg., p. 294.—Anabaina marina, Bréb.). Pl. I, Fig. 3. Filaments flexuous, densely interlaced, forming slimy bluish-green expansions, cells cylindro-spherical, about .0035 mm in diameter, diminishing in size towards the end of the filament, terminal cell pointed. Heterocysts several in each filament. Spores oblong, usually one on each side of heterocyst, about .018 mm in length when ripe, rather more than twice as long as broad, at first green, then yellowish. Noank, Conn.; Wood’s Holl, Gloucester, Cambridge, Mass.; Europe. Summer. Probably a common alga along our whole coast in midsummer and autumn on decaying algæ, looking like a shining emerald-green film. It occurs most frequently on the surface, but is also found at the depth of several feet. In his work on the Fresh-water Algæ of America, Prof. H. C. Wood, jr., [sic] mentions the present species as occurring at Camden, N. J. We cannot, however, agree with him in placing it in
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 31 the genus Dolichospermum of Thwaites. Ralfs, in Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, Vol. V, 2d series (1850), p. 325, following C. A. Agardh, who first described the genus Sphærozyga (Flora, 1827), says that in Sphærozyga the spores are first formed from the cells nearest the vesicular cells (heterocysts), as is shown by Professor Wood’s figure, Pl. 3, Fig. 3, to be the case with the species from Camden. Neither can we regard S. Carmichaelii, Harv., as a synonym of Cylindrospermum polysporum, Kütz., as given by Professor Wood. Although we have examined a large number of specimens, in only one instance have we found more than a single spore on each side of the heterocyst, which is quite different from C. polysporum, Kütz. NODULARIA, Mertens. (From nodulus, a little joint.) Filaments free, trichoma inclosed in a definite sheath, cells discoidal. Heterocysts at regular intervals. Spores numerous, contiguous, not adjacent to the heterocysts. The genus Spermosira of Kützing is included under the above. N. HARVEYANA, Thuret, Class, des Nostoch. (Spermosira Harveyana, Thwaites, Phyc. Brit., Pl. 173 c.) Filaments curved, cells discoidal, .0015-20 x .004 mm , heterocysts .0035 mm in diameter, spores numerous, about 4-8 together, spherical, .005-70 mm in diameter. Charles River, Cambridge, Mass.; Europe. Found in small quantities, mixed with Sphærozyga, in company with Rhizoclonium. SPIRULINA, Turpin. (From spirula, a small spiral.) Filaments simple, without a proper sheath, oscillating, spirally twisted. Spores unknown. S. TENUISSIMA, Kütz., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 105, Fig. 3; Farlow, List of Marine Algæ, 1876. Pl. I, Fig. 4. [sic; should be Pl. II, Fig. 4.] Filaments intricately interlaced, .0035 mm in diameter, hyaline, spiral, closely twisted, cell divisions scarcely visible, oscillations rapid. Eastport, Maine; Gloucester, Cambridge, Wood’s Holl, Mass.; Europe. This species is common at Eastport, where it forms, mixed with species of Oscillaria, dark purplecolored patches on the wharves at low-water mark, and it is without doubt to be found in similar localities along the whole coast. We found at Wood’s Holl, in 1876, a species of Spirulina which formed a greenish film on decaying algæ five or six feet below low-water mark, and the same species was collected by Mr. F. W. Hooper at Key West. It agrees closely with S. Thuretii, Crn, a species which differs from S. tenuissima, Kütz., in having slightly smaller filaments, which are also less tightly coiled. It hardly seems to us, however, as though the difference .was sufficient to separate, the two species. A Spirulina with much finer filaments than in S. tenuissima, and with a much more open spiral, occurs at Wood’s Holl, but we have never found it in sufficient quantity to ascertain the species.
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