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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 145
external, globose, sessile or pedicellate, containing within a thick carp several
irregular masses of spores imbedded among the cells of the frond; spores discharged
by a narrow carpostome.
The genus comprises eight or nine species of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean, one species, P.
Clevelandii, being found on the coast of California. The species are dark red, rather coarse and rigid,
not adhering to paper, and are very apt to be covered with Bryozoa. They inhabit rather deep water,
and are characterized by their external fruit, the tetraspores being arranged in nemathecia or warts
composed of densely packed filaments, each cell of which becomes a cruciate tetraspore. Some of the
broader forms pass with collectors for species of Rhodymenia.
P. BRODIÆI, Ag.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 20.
Stipes cylindrical at base, compressed up wards, branched, the branches expanding
into oblong or wedge-shaped, simple or forked, membranaceous laminæ, often
proliferous at the summit; cystocarps globose, sessile on the laminæ; nemathecia
spherical, pedunculate, at the tips of the laminæ.
In five to ten fathoms of water.
Newport, R. I.; Wood’s Holl, Mass.; and common from Nahant northward.
P. MEMBRANIFOLIA, Ag.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 163.
Stipe cylindrical, filiform, branched, the branches expanding into broadly wedgeshaped
bifid or dichotomous laminæ; cystocarps ovoid, stipitate, rising from the
branches or laminæ; nemathecia forming broad, dark-colored, convex patches in the
center of the laminæ.
la deep water on stones.
Common from Long Island Sound northward; North Atlantic.
Our two species of Phyllophora are perfectly easy to identify when tetrasporic specimens are obtained.
P. Brodiæi is a larger plant than P. membranifolia, and the laminæ are longer and larger and less
broad at the base than in P. membranifolia. P. Brodiæi varies considerably, however, and in the spring
the bright-red broad laminæ are often broken from the stipes and washed ashore, when they might be
mistaken for some species of Rhodymenia.
GYMNOGONGRUS, Mart.
(From γυµνος [gymnos], naked, and γογγρος [goggros], an excrescence.)
Fronds dark red or purple, carnoso-coriaceous, terete, compressed or flat,
dichotomous, composed of a medullary stratum of roundish, angular, colorless cells
and a cortical stratum of closely packed short filaments formed of small colored cells;
tetraspores cruciate, borne in hemispherical nemathecia; cystocarps immersed in the
swollen frond, consisting of several irregular masses of spores imbedded among the
cells of the frond; spores discharged by a carpostome.
A genus of about thirty species, found principally in the warmer pants of the world, all rather
coriaceous, but not attaining any great size. The genus is distinguished
S. Miss. 59——10