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126 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. New York Harbor, Mr. A. R. Young; Wood’s Holl, Mass. There must remain some doubt as to the correct determination of American specimens of the present species in the absence of fruit of any kind. Sterile specimens of C. roseum are likely to be mistaken for varieties of C. polyspermum or C. Borreri. In C. polyspermum the pinnæ are short and subequal, so that the outline of the tips of the branches is linear or oblong, while in C. roseum the pinnæ, which are crowded at the ends of the branches are long, gradually diminishing in size towards the apex, so that the plumose tips are pyramidal or broadly ovate in. outline. The filaments of C. roseum are finer and more nearly rose-colored than those of C. Borreri, and the pinnæ are less regularly distichous. Furthermore, there are no polyspores in C. roseum, and the favellæ are not terminal and subinvolucrate as in C. Barren. All three of the species above named are distinct from the species of the following group in their distichously pinnate ramification, and all three are reddish, inclining to a brownish color. They collapse when removed from the water, but are hardly gelatinous, although all adhere well to paper in drying. C. POLYSPERMUM, Ag. (C. polyspermum, Phyc. Brit., Pl. 231.—Phlebothamnion polyspermum, Kütz.) Fronds capillary, cortications wanting, two to three inches high, main branches irregularly divided, with few secondary branches below, distichously pinnate above, branches linear or oblong in outline, simply pinnate, pinnæ alternate, short, subequal, incurved, upper pinnæ sometimes pinnulate; tetraspores tripartite, sessile on the upper side of branchlets; favellæ binate near the ends of the branches. Hell Gate, N. Y.; Jackson Ferry, Harvey; Europe. The only localities for this species within our limits are the two given by Harvey. We have seen Californian specimens collected by Mr. Cleveland near San Diego, but have never found the plant on the New England coast. The species is related to C. roseum and is distinguished from it by the short, subequal ultimate branches. Sect. II. FRUTICOSA. Growth sympodial, main axis and branches densely corticated: branchlets pectinate or pinnate, ultimate divisions alternate or secund. C. TETRAGONUM, Ag. (C. tetagonum, Phyc. Brit., Pl. 136.—C. brachiatum, Harv., l. c., Pl. 13.—Dorythamnion tetragonum, Næg.) Fronds monœcious, two to six inches high, coarse and spongy, shrub-like, pyramidal in outline, color dark purple, main filaments densely corticated, smaller filaments monosiphonous; main axis percurrent, attached by a disk, pinnate with long, undivided, alternate branches, which are once or twice pinnate, the ultimate divisions beset on all sides with short, stout, incurved, acutely pointed, fasciculate branchlets; cells stout, not much longer than broad; antheridia in tufts on the upper internodes; tetraspores tripartite, sessile on the upper branchlets; favellæ binate. Common on stones and algæ below low-water mark. Long Island Sound; Europe.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 127 Our most robust and coarsest species, not uncommon in Long Island Sound, but not yet recorded north of Cape Cod. The color is dark, and in the water almost black, and the substance is rather spongy, the plant not collapsing when removed from the water, as do most of the New England species of the genus. C. BAILEYI, Harv. (C. Baileyi, Harv., Ner. Am. Bor., Part III, Pl. 35 b.— Dorythamnion Baileyi, Næg.) Pl. XI, Figs. 1-2. Fronds monœcious, two to four inches high, setaceous, shrub-like, pyramidal in outline, color purplish red, main filaments densely corticated, the rest monosiphonous; main axis percurrent, attached by a disk, pinnate with long, undivided, alternate branches, which are once or twice pinnate, the ultimate divisions beset on all sides with rather slender, flexuous, recurved or incurved, fasciculate branches; cells several times longer than broad; tetraspores tripartite, sessile on the upper branchlets; antheridia in tufts on the upper internodes; favellæ binate. Var. LAXA. Cortications less marked than in the type, branchlets long and slender, divisions widely spreading below, fastigiate at the apex. On Zostera, stones, sponges, and algæ below low-water mark. Common from New Jersey to Cape Cod; Boston Bay, Harvey; Portland, C. B. Fuller. As is suggested by Harvey in the Nereis Am. Bor., the present species is not only very variable in habit, but it is also difficult to distinguish some of the forms from C. tetragonum. We are inclined to believe that it would be better to consider the present species as a delicate form of C. tetragonum, in which the cells are longer and more slender, the branchlets less dense and robust, the color less inclined to blackish, and the substance more delicate. If we are to unite Rhodomela subfusca, R. gracilis, and R. Rochei in one species, as has been done by Agardh, with good reason as it seems, it would be equally correct to unite C. Baileyi and C. tetragonum, since the difference in habit might result from variations of habitat and season. With us, the form here referred to the typical C. Baileyi is more common than C. tetragonum, and is found on wharves, on Zostera, shells, and stones in rather warm waters and sheltered places, while C. tetragonum frequents places where there is a current of water, or grows on algæ in somewhat exposed pools. The var. laxa has a diffuse ramification and the Cortications are not prominent, and we at one time supposed that it might be the C. Dietziæ of the Nereis, as far as we could recollect the specimens of that species in the Harveyan Herbarium at Dublin. In such cases, however, it is not safe to trust to one’s memory, and in the present article we are unwilling to express an opinion about C. Dietziæ. Sect. III. BYSSOIDÆ. Branching monopodial or dichotomous. Cortications present at the base, ultimate branches decompound, very delicate, usually ending in a hyaline hair. C. BYSSOIDEUM, Arn. (C. byssoideum, Phyc. Brit., Pl. 262.—Phlebothamnion byssoides, Kütz.—Pæcilothamnion byssoideum, Næg.)
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