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26 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. ORDER I. CRYPTOPHYCEÆ, THURET. Algæ composed of cells which are either isolated or imbedded in mucus, so as to form colonies, or united in the form of filaments. Color usually bluish green, sometimes brown, purple, or pink. Reproduction by hormogonia or non-sexual spores. Sexual reproduction unknown. We have retained the name given by Thuret, in Le Jolis’s Liste des Algues Marines de Cherbourg, to the group of low algæ in which sexual reproduction is unknown. Our species belong to the Schizophytæ of Cohn (Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen, Vol. I, p. 202), which also includes the minute forms commonly known as Bacteria. Most of the species here enumerated are bluish green, owing to the presence of phycochrome, and would be placed by some writers in the order Phycochromaceæ. Some are destitute of phycochrome and have been placed by different writers in the Chroococcaceæ and Palmellaceæ. Nægeli, in Die Niederen Pilze, is of the opinion that the Bacteria should not be classed with the Phycochromaceæ, as in the Schizophytæ of Cohn, but one cannot expect to make a satisfactory classification of forms in which no sexual reproduction has, as yet, been discovered. The Protophytes of Sachs’s Text-Book include all the Schizophytæ of Cohn, together with the Palmellaceæ and Saccharomycetes. From the nature of the plants themselves, none of the above classifications can be considered of decided scientific value, and, regarding the question of convenience alone, we have adopted the name Cryptophyceæ as expressing sufficiently well all the marine Protophytes of our coast, whether they contain phycochrome or not. The order is divided into two suborders, as follows: a. Cells free, or united by a gelatinous intercellular substance into families which never form true filaments............................................ CHROOCOCCACEÆ. b. Cells arranged in filaments...................................... NOSTOCHINEÆ. SUBORDER CHROOCOCCACEÆ. (Glæogenæ, Cohn in part.) 1. Cells free or united in twos or fours ..........................Chroococcus. 2. Cells united by a mucous intercellular substance into amorphous [NOTE.—In the following descriptive part of the present paper the synonymy of the species is carried only so far as to enable the reader, in the first place, to recognize the more common synonyms and also the works in which the synonymy is given in full, and, in the second place, to give a reference to the more accessible works in which the different species are figured. Of the latter frequent reference is made to the Nereis Boreali-Americana and Phycologia Brittanica of Harvey, to the Études Phycologiques and Notes Algologiques of Bornet and Thuret, and the Tabulæ Phycologicæ of Kützing. For a list of descriptive works consulted the reader is referred to the end of this paper. All microscopic measurements are given in fractions of a millimeter, but gross measurements of objects more than half an inch in diameter are given in feet and inches, as the divisions of the meter are not, in this country, readily applied to objects which can be seen by the naked eye. Unless otherwise stated, the localities given are those in which the writer himself has collected the species, but in the case of common species it has been considered unnecessary to give special localities.]
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 27 colonies. Intercellular substance generally forming concentric layers around the cells .................................................................................Glœocapsa. 3. Cells united in colonies of definite shape. a. Cells arranged in the form of an irregular sphere, which becomes finally hollow and net-shaped................................................................. Clathrocystis. b. Cells arranged in several layers forming a solid spheroidal body. Polycystis. c. Cells united in branching dendritic masses ............ Entophysalis. CHROOCOCCUS, Næg. [sic] ((From χροοσ [croos], the color of the body, and κοκκοσ [kokkos], a berry.) Cell division taking place in all directions, cells spherical, solitary, or united in twos or some multiple of two, free, i.e., not united into families by means of an intercellular substance. According to Nægeli, the principal distinction between Chroococcus and Glœocapsa lies in the fact that in the former genus the cell-wall is thin, while in the latter it is thick and formed of concentric layers. This difference, however, is not constant, as in Chroococcus turgidus the cell-wall is comparatively thick, whereas in Glœocapsa crepidinum the cell-wall is reduced to a minimum. A more characteristic distinction seems rather to be the existence of an intercellular substance in Glœocapsa which binds the cells together, but which is wanting in Chroococcus. C. TURGIDUS, Næg. (Protococcus, Kütz., Tab. Phyc., Vol. I, Pl. 6, Fig. 1.— Hæmatococcus binalis, Hassal, Fresh-water Algæ, p. 331, Pl. 82, Fig. 2.) Cells bluish green, oval, usually single or binate, about .02 mm to .025 mm in diameter, surrounded by a thick cell-wall. Cape Ann, Mrs. A. L. Davis; Europe. Fresh water and marine. Found on slimy rocks and piers upon which species of Calothrix, Lyngbya, &c., are growing. Probably common throughout New England. The size of the cells varies very much. What we have given above is an average measurement. GLŒOCAPSA, (Kütz.) Næg. (From γλοιοσ gloios], sticky, and καψα [kapsa], a box.) Cell division taking place in all directions, cells spherical, with thick walls, solitary or united in families, which are surrounded by a gelatinous substance which is generally in concentric layers around the cells. Spores known only in G. stegophila, Itzigs. (G. Itzigsohnii, Bornet mscr.). This genus, if we adopt the views of the advocates of Schwendener’s theory, forms the gonidia of the lichen genera Synalissa, Omphalaria, &c. G. CREPIDINUM, Thuret, Notes Algologiques, p. 2, Pl. I, Figs. 1-3. (Protococcus, Thuret, in Mém. Soc. Natur. Cherbourg, Vol. II, p. 388; Le Jolis, Liste des Algues Marines de Cherbourg, p. 25; Farlow, List
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