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48 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. low-water mark. It can be distinguished from the preceding species by its lighter color, by being less rigid, and by the smaller size of the cells, which are rather uniformly as broad as long. If we may suspect that C. Picquotiana is only a form of C. melagonium, we may also suggest that the present is possibly the corresponding form of C. ærea. To unravel the synonymy of the species is quite hopeless. Our specimens agree with No. 353 of Crouan’s Algues Marines du Finistère and No. 183 of Areschoug’s Algæ Scandinavicæ, both of which are supposed to be the Conferva Linum. of the Flora Danica. They are also identical with No. 355 of Hohenacker’s Meeralgen, which purports to have been determined as C. herbacea, Kg., by Kützing himself. Whether they are the same as the Conferva Linum of the Phycologia Brittanica we cannot determine. They approach very near to, if they are not identical with, C. crassa of the Italian algologists. In fact, Crouan considers C. Linum, Pl. Dan., to be the same as C. crassa, Ag. The Chætomorpha sutoria of the Nereis Am. Bor. seems to us the same thing. We have examined Bailey’s specimens, from which Harvey named the species in the Nereis, and have also examined. Bailey’s locality, at Stonington. To the naked eye, in Bailey’s specimens, the filaments appear smaller than the typical form, but a microscopic examination gives the same measurements as specimens we collected ourselves, which agreed precisely with No. 353, Crouan. In saying that the New England specimens of C. sutoria should be considered to be rather C. Linum, we do not mean to imply that the European C. sutoria is not distinct. Whether our species is the same as Rhizoclonium Linum, Thuret, is, perhaps, doubtful. In specimens of the last-named species from Cherbourg the filaments appear to be somewhat smaller. The species usually, but not always, loses its color drying, and scarcely adheres to paper unless under considerable pressure. species inquirendæ. C. OLNEYI, Harv., Ner. Am. Bor., Part III, p. 86, Pl. 46 d. “Filaments tufted, setaceous, straight or curved, soft, pale green; articulations once and a half as long as broad.” (Harvey, l. c.) Rhode Island, Olney. C. LONGIARTICULATA, Harv., Ner. Am. Bor., Part III, p. 86, Pl. 46 e. “Filaments capillary, curved, loosely bundled together, flaccid, soft, pale green; articulations 4-6 times as long as broad, swollen at the nodes; var. β, crassior, filaments more robust.” (Harvey, 1. c.) In rock-pools, between tide-marks. Ship Anne Point, Mr. Hooper; Boston Bay, Mrs. Asa Gray; Little Compton, Mr. Olney; var. β in brackish ditches at Little Compton, Mr. Olney. The two last species are only known from the descriptions in the Nereis. No authentic specimens exist in the Olney Herbarium, which is now the property of Brown University. The specimen of C. Olneyi mentioned in Algæ Rhodiaceæ by Olney was determined by the present writer, not by Harvey himself, and a recent examination of the specimen, for which we are indebted to the kindness of Professor Bailey, lead us to think that the specimen was not correctly determined. RHIZOCLONIUM, Kütz. (From ριζον [rizon], a root, and κλων [klon], a branch.) Filaments decumbent, entangled, branches short and root-like. The genus is easily recognized, as a rule, by the root-like character of the branches. In some species the branches are frequent; in others, however, they are only occasionally
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 49 found, and in that case the species may easily be mistaken for species of Chætomorpha. R. RIPARIUM, Roth, Harv. Phyc. Brit., Pl. 328. (R. salinum, Kütz.) Filaments decumbent, pale green, forming entangled masses, furnished with numerous short root-like branches, generally consisting of but few cells, but sometimes elongated, filaments from .02 mm to .025 mm in diameter, cells about as long as broad, or a little longer. Pl. III, Fig. 2. Eastport, Maine; Nahant, Wood’s Holl, Mass., W. G. F; New Haven, Conn., Prof. D. G. Eaton; Europe. An alga which is probably common all along the coast on wood-work and sandy rocks between tidemarks. It forms thin light-green masses on the substance on which it is growing. The root-like processes usually consist of not more than three or four cells, and not unfrequently they fork. Distinguished at sight from the next by its yellowish color. It often covers the ground at the base of Spartina, and it is found nearer high-water mark than the next species. R. TORTUOSUM, Kütz. (Conferva implexa and tortuosa, Harv., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 54 a and b.—Chætomorpha tortuosa, Ner. Am. Bor.) Filaments dark green, very much curled and twisted, forming prostrate masses, diameter of filaments, .035 mm to .058 mm , cells about twice as long as broad, branches few, short; Common all along the New England coast; Europe. The most common species of our coast, recognized by its dark-green color, and by the very much twisted filaments which form woolly strata over other algæ. Its favorite habitat is in tide-pools, where it is exposed at dead low water. R. KOCHIANUM, Kütz. (Conferva arenosa, Crouan, Algues Marines du Finistère, No. 355.—Conferva implexa, var., Alg. Scand., No. 187.—Rhizoclonium Kochianum, Kütz., in Le Jolis’s Liste des Algues Marines de Cherbourg.) Filaments pale yellow, forming loose masses of indefinite extent, cells .010-14 mm broad by .036-54 mm long. On algæ below low-water mark. Summer. Gloucester, Mass.; Nahant, Mass., Mr. Collins; Europe. Much finer than any of the species previously mentioned, covering algæ with a delicate pale-yellow fleece. It is apparently less common than our other two species, and we have only found it once growing over Laminariæ just below low-water mark, off Niles’s Beach, Gloucester. The species agrees with French specimens of R. Kochianum in the size and general appearance of the cells, but the root-like processes characteristic of the present genus are not evident in our specimens, and the species is here retained in Rhizoclonium on the authority of Kützing, in Le Jolis’s Liste des Algues Marines de Cherbourg. R. Kochianum is considered by Rabenhorst to be a variety of R. flavicans, Jürg., in which he also includes Conferva arenicola of Berk. Our specimens agree perfectly with No. 355 of Crouan’s Algues Marine du Finistère, but are rather smaller than No. 187 of Areschoug’s Algæ Scandinavicæ, which is referred with doubt to Conferva arenosa. The name which we have adopted refers our specimens without doubt to French forms, but the identity with the genuine C. arenosa of British botanists S. Miss. 59——4
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