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74 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. judged from the figure, is the same as E. Farlowii. Although in the present instance we have considered E. Farlowii to be a variety of E. littoralis, it must be admitted that it differs considerably from the form of E. littoralis common on the coast of France and England. Our reason for not considering it distinct is that we have large sets of specimens in which we have been unable to say with certainty whether they should be referred to E. littoralis or E. Farlowii, and with so many connecting links it seems best to regard E. Farlowii as an extreme form found in northern localities. Should the variety be eventually considered distinct the name of E. anticostiensis should be adopted, as no description of E. Farlowii has been published, and the species would be characterized by the robustness of the filaments and by the unilocular sporangia, which are broader than long, and borne in short, stout, patent branches. It is of frequent occurrence that some of the unilocular sporangia are binate. The plurilocular sporangia are common in spring and early summer, and the unilocular in the autumn. E. BRACHIATUS, Harv. “Finely-tufted, feathery, much branched; the branches free, opposite or quarternate; ramuli opposite, very patent; propagula forming oblong or elliptical swellings in the smaller branches, or at the point where two opposite ramuli issue.” (Harv., Ner. Am. Bor., Vol. I, p. 138.) South Boston, Lynn, Mass., Harvey. We have never found this species, which is only known on our coast from Harvey’s description. Le Jolis considers that the E. brachiatus of the Phyc. Brit., Pl. 4, is not the true Conferva brachiata, Engl. Bot., and he gives to the former the name of E. Griffithsianus. Never having seen American specimens, we cannot tell whether the American form mentioned by Harvey belongs to the E. Griffithsianus or not. SUBGENUS CAPSICARPELLA, Kjellman. Filaments erect, monosiphonous or in part polysiphonous; unilocular sporangia partly immersed in the frond; plurilocular sporangia formed by direct transformation of the cells of the branches. E. SPHÆROPHORUS, Harv., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 126. (Capsicarpella sphærophora, Kjellman, Bidrag, p. 20, Pl. 1, Fig. 2.) Filaments one to three inches long, tufted, densely branching; main branches opposite or whorled, often polysiphonous; secondary branches opposite or alternate, monosiphonous; unilocular sporangia spherical, about .04 mm in diameter, solitary, often binate, sometimes whorled, the cell from which the sporangia are formed dividing into at least three cells; plurilocular sporangia? On Ptilota elegans. May. Nahant, Mr. Collins; Europe. A rare species which has only been collected by Mr. Collins, The main filaments are at intervals polysiphonous, and remind one of a Sphacelaria. In Mr. Collins’s specimens the sporangia were numerous and in some cases whorled, as is occasionally seen in European specimens. The species is to be sought in spring and early summer, and may be commoner than is now supposed, having escaped the observation of collectors on account of its small size.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 75 INSUFFICIENTLY DESCRIBED SPECIES. E. LANDSBURGII, Harvey, Ner. Am. Bor., Vol. I, Pl. 12 d. Halifax, N. S. E. HOOPERI, Harvey, l. c., Pl. 12 e. Greenport, L. I. (?) E. DIETZIÆ, Harvey, l. c., p. 144. Greenport. FAMILY SPHACELARIEÆ, Fronds branching, polysiphonous, terminating in a large apical cell, often with a cortex formed of densely interwoven rhizoidal filaments; fructification same as in Ectocarpeæ. Corticating cells wanting or confined to the base of the frond. Main branches corticated throughout. Branches opposite, distichous..................................... Chætopteris. Branches whorled ......................................................Cladostephus. SPHACELARIA, Lyngb. Sphacelaria. (From σφακελος [sphakelos], gangrene, referring to the tips of the branches, which are black and shriveled when dried.) Fronds olive-brown, filamentous, branching; axis and branches terminated by a large apical cell, from which, by transverse, longitudinal, and oblique divisions, a solid frond is formed whose external surface is composed of rectangular cells arranged in regular transverse bands; hairs slightly developed or wanting; rhizoidal filaments few, rarely interwoven so as to form a false cortex; unilocular and plurilocular sporangia spherical or ellipsoidal, on short pedicels; non-sexual reproproduction [sic] by peculiarly modified branches called propagula. The old genus Sphacelaria was divided by Kützing into a number of genera, and his views have been adopted by many recent writers, especially in Germany. In Stypocaulon and Halopteris the branches arise from lateral divisions of the apical cell itself, while in Sphacelaria proper, Chætopteris and Cladostephus, the branches arise from cells below the apex. Whether this difference in the apical growth can be considered a generic mark is not altogether certain, and there hardly seems to be sufficient ground for separating Halopteris from Sphacelaria, and a number of writers, among whom may be named Harvey and Le Jolis, even include Stypocaulon. Cladostephus is markedly distinct; and Chætopteris, which differs from Sphacelaria principally in the cortication GIRAUDIA SPHACELARIOIDES, Derb. & Sol., a common Mediterranean alga, which occasionally occurs as far north as the Scandinavian coast, may perhaps be found on our shore. It resembles a small Sphacelaria, but its growth is trichothallic, not from an apical cell, and the small unilocular sporangia cover the frond in dense patches. The plurilocular sporangia resemble those of some Ectocarpi, and are found at the base of the plant according to Areschoug.
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