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132 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. Common from Nantucket southward. A summer plant which attains perfection during the month of July, disappearing later in the summer. It is sometimes found washed ashore in large quantities after a storm. The species has been known for some time, but until recently it has passed for a form of G. corallina, a species common in Europe. It differs from that species in several respects. The antheridia form a sort of cap over the top of the terminal cells of the male plant, which is considerably smaller than the female plant and has a different habit, in consequence of which it was called a variety, var. globifera, by Harvey. The female and tetrasporic plants more closely resemble the true G. corallina. They do not end in large globose cells, as in the male plant, but the largest cells are below the tip, which is tapering and acute. When the tetrasporic plant has narrower and more acute cells than usual it constitutes the var. tenuis of the Nereis. The slenderest specimens, however, are usually sterile. In the structure of the procarp this species differs considerably from G. corallina as described by Janczewski. There is only one trichogyne instead of two, as in the last-named species. The procarp begins by the growth of a hemispherical cell at the upper part of an articulation. The cell is then divided into two parts by a partition parallel to the base. It is from the lower cell thus formed that the involucre is formed, and from the upper arise the carpogenic cells in the following way: By usually four oblique partitions there are formed four external hemispherical cells and a central pyramidal cell with a broad base. By subsequent division of one of the hemispherical cells, generally of the one lying nearest the axis of the plant, there is cut off a cell which divides into three smaller granular cells, the upper of which grows into a trichogyne. The spores are formed by the subsequent growth of the other three hemispherical cells. There are two sets of hair-like organs which arise from the upper border of the cells in this species; one set is short and granular, consisting of a cuboidal basal cell with short corymbose filaments; the other set occupies a similar position, but the hairs are long and hyaline, consisting of a long basal cell, which bears at its apex a whorl of three or more cells, which in turn bear other whorls, the whole hair being several times compound. HALURUS, Kütz. (From αλς [als], salt, and ουρα [oura], a tail.) Fronds monosiphonous, branching, beset throughout with short, approximate, incurved, di-trichotomous, whorled, secondary branches; tetraspores tripartite, attached to the inner side of special branches, arranged in whorls one above another; antheridia in similar position, forming closely verticillate tufts; favellæ terminal on short branches. A genus composed of one, or according to some writers two, species, separated from Griffithsia principally by the character of the frond. H. EQUISETIFOLIUS, Kütz. (Griffithsia equisetifolia, Ag.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 67.) Fronds four to eight inches long, arising from a disk, irregularly branching, secondary branches trichotomous below, dichotomous above, much incurved, densely covering the branches, rhizoidal descending filaments given off from some of the lower branches. Brooklyn, N.Y.? A plant resembling a Cladostephus, except that its color is a dirty red. The species is very doubtfully known on our coast. It is mentioned in the Nereis as having been sent to Harvey by Mr. Hooper, of Brooklyn, but there is no definite information as to the locality where the plant was collected.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 133 PTILOTA, Ag. (From πτιλωτος [ptilotos], feathered.) Fronds compressed, ancipital, decompound, branches distichous, pectinate-pinnate, composed of a monosiphonous pinnate axis of larger quadrate cells and a cortex of smaller cells; antheridia terminal on short corymbose branches; tetraspores tripartite; cystocarps (favellæ) terminal on the branches, usually involucrate. An easily recognized genus, comprising about twenty species, of a deep red or reddish-brown color, only scantily represented on our coast, but represented on the Californian coast by a number of beautiful species. The genus reaches its greatest development in Australia. The growth is by an apical cell, from which arises a monosiphonous axis of indefinite growth and short secondary branches. The origin of the. cortications has been fully explained by Nægeli in Die neuern Algensysteme, page 206. The monosiphonous axis is clearly seen on holding specimens up to the light, and is also visible at the growing tips where the cortications are wanting. The cortications do not form a true solid tissue, but rather, as shown by Nægeli, densely interwoven branching filaments. A detailed account of the development of the frond in different species is given by Cramer in Physiologisch-systematische Untersuchungen über die Ceramiaceen. The development of the procarp is given by Bornet in Notes Algologiques, page 15. The position of the tetraspores is variable, and serves as a specific mark. P. ELEGANS, Bonnem. (Ptilota sericea, Harv., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 191.—P. plumosa, var. tenuissima, Ag.) Fronds brownish red, three to six inches high, main branches filiform, irregularly branching, secondary branches compressed, closely pinnate, with opposite pinnate branchlets, ultimate divisions without cortication; favellæ terminal on the branches, irregularly lobed, naked or with a short involucre; tetraspores solitary on the ends of the branchlets, at first tripartite, becoming polysporic. On the under side of rocks between tide-marks and on shells and algæ in deep water. Throughout our whole limit; Europe. A much more delicate species than the next, and recognized at once by the fact that the younger parts of the branches are without cortications, whereas in the next species the cortications extend nearly to the apex. It also differs in the position of the tetraspores, and the favellæ are usually naked, while in the following species they are surrounded and almost concealed by a well-marked involucre. The usual color is a grayish black, but in fading it often becomes pinkish. North of Cape Cod the species is usually found clinging to the under surfaces of rocks at low-water mark, in company with Ceramium Hooperi, Rhodochorton Rothii, and Sphacelaria radicans. In such situations the specimens are small. At Newport and Gay Head the plant attains a much larger size, and is abundantly washed ashore from deep water. P. SERRATA, Kütz. Fronds dark red, three to six inches long, compressed, ancipital, decompoundpinnate, pinnæ opposite, one pinna being short, undivided,
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH
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