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70 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. of the erect branches, this species forms a connecting link between Ectocarpus and Myrionema. SUBGENUS EUECTOCARPUS. Filaments monosiphonous, erect, occasionally corticated by the growth of descending filaments which are given off from some of the cells; both unilocular and plurilocular sporangia formed by the transformation of special branches. E. TOMENTOSUS, (Huds.) Lyngb., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 182. (Spongonema tomentosum, Kütz., Spec. Alg., p. 461; Tab. Phyc., Vol. V, Pl. 83 a.) Filaments erect, two to four inches long, densely interwoven into rope-like, spongy masses, irregularly much branched; primary branches scarcely distinct; cells .008- 12 mm broad by .012-70 mm long; plurilocular sporangia linear-oblong, straight or incurved, .010-15 mm broad by .025-75 mm long, sessile or on short pedicels, which are given off at right angles to the branches; unilocular sporangia “subovate on short pedicels” (Areschoug). On Fucus and other plants. Boston Bay, Harvey; Magnolia, Mass.; Europe. This species, which is easily recognizable by its spongy, rope-like habit, and by the microscopic characters above enumerated, seems to be rather scarce on our coast. It is not rare, however, on the shores of Europe. The species is to be sought in summer, and it grows attached to the larger algæ. Only the plurilocular sporangia are known on our coast. E. GRANULOSUS, (Eng. Bot.) Ag.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 200. Filaments tufted, rather rigid, two to four inches long, main branches opposite or whorled, corticating filaments often numerous; cells .07-10 mm in diameter; secondary branches short, opposite, given off at very wide angles, often revolute at the tip; ultimate branches secund, short, acute; plurilocular sporangia broadly ovate, obliquely truncate on the inner side, .04-6 mm broad by .06-8 mm long, sessile on the ultimate and penultimate branches; unilocular sporangia? Var. TENUIS. (Ectocarpus Durkeei, Harv., Ner. Am. Bor., Vol. I, p. 142, Pl. 12 f.) Filaments more slender than in the type; cells .05-8 mm broad; branches usually alternate; plurilocular sporangia ovate or ellipsoidal, but slightly truncate at the base. Boston, Harvey; Newport, R. I. Var. tenuis. Portsmouth, N. H.; Nantucket, Mass., Harvey; Wood’s Holl, Mass. A species not rare in Europe and apparently common on the coast of California, but not often found with us. The species occurs in summer, and forms small tufts on
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 71 other algæ. It is distinguished from our other species by the short, broad, and sessile sporangia. In the type the branching is opposite and compact, and the corticating filaments are sometimes so numerous, especially in the Newport specimens, as to lead one to admit the validity of Kützing’s genus Corticularia. But in other cases the corticating filaments are few in number. E. CONFERVOIDES, (Roth) Le Jolis. (Ectocarpus siliculosus, Phyc. Brit., Pl. 162; Ner. Am. Bor., Vol. I, p. 139.) Filaments erect, two to twenty inches long, loosely entangled at the base, becoming free and feathery above; branches alternate or secund, gradually tapering; cells of larger branches .04-5 mm in diameter; plurilocular sporangia ovate-acute or acuminate, sessile or stalked, sometimes rostrate average size of sporangia .025- 40 mm broad by .15-40 mm long; unilocular sporangia oval or ellipsoidal, .023-30 mm broad by .035-50 mm long. α, var. SILICULOSUS, Kjellman. (Ectocarpus viridis, Harv., Ner. Am. Bor., Vol I, p. 140, Pl. 12 b and c.) Plurilocular sporangia subulate or linear-subulate, sessile or subsessile, frequently rostrate. β, var. HIEMALIS, Kjellman. (Ectocarpus hiemalis, Crouan.) Plurilocular sporangia elongated, conical or subacuminate, .08-15 mm long by .02-3 mm broad, generally rostrate. Very common on algæ and wood work along the whole coast. Var. α, most common south of Cape Cod. Var. β, Wood’s Holl, Mass.? The largest, moat variable, and most common summer species of our coast, and found in nearly all parts of the world. It has been subdivided by Kützing into a large number of species, which are scarcely to be recognized from his descriptions and plates. Formerly some of the different forms of E. littoralis were referred to the present species, but the true E. littoralis is now recognized as belonging to the subgenus Pylaiella. Those interested in tracing the synonymy of E. confervoides should consult Kjellman’s Bidrag till Kännedomen om Skandinaviens Ectocarpeer och Tilopterider, Stockholm, 1872. As seen on our own coast, what we have called the typical E. confervoides forms tufts of indefinite extent on wharves, and especially on the larger algæ, varying in length from a few inches to a foot and a half long. It frequently fringes the fronds of Chorda filum with its soft, silky tufts. In the type the plurilocular sporangia, which are much more common than the unilocular, are ovate-acuminate, and only occasionally rostrate. In the variety siliculosus the plurilocular sporangia are long and comparatively very narrow. The variety hiemalis is found in the winter and spring, and has plurilocular sporangia, which are almost always rostrate and somewhat cylindrical in form, so that they may be said to resemble those of the subgenus Pylaiella. The color of the present species when growing is a light brown approaching yellowish, which in drying often turns to a yellowish-green, especially in the variety siliculosus, of which herbarium specimens might be mistaken for Cladophoræ. The winter forms are deeper brown than those found in summer. E. amphibius, mentioned in the supplement to the Nereis as occurring near New York in brackish water, is a form of the present species.
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I.-THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND.
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