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146 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. from Chondrus, to which several of the species were formerly referred, by the structure of the frond and the arrangement of the tetraspores; from Phyllophora by the absence of a stipe and the immersed cystocarps. G. NORVEGICUS, J. Ag. (Sphærococcus Norvegicus, Ag.—Chondrus Norvegicus, Lyngb.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 187.—Oncotylus Norvegicus, Kütz.) Fronds deep red, two to four inches high, linear, dichotomous, flat, fastigiate, axils rounded, patent, apices obtuse; cystocarps immersed in the upper segments projecting on both sides of the frond; nemathecia sessile, hemispherical, on both sides of the frond. In deep pools on rocks. Penobscot Bay, Mr. Hooper; Peak’s Island, Maine, W. G. F.; Nahant, W. G. F.; Beverly, Mass., Miss Alexander. Europe. Our plant, which is apparently rather rare, is the same as that of Europe, although narrower forms are sometimes seen which perhaps might be referred to the G. Torreyi of Agardh. G. Griffithsiæ is to be expected with us, as it is common in Europe. The present species is found only in the autumn and winter, either in deep cold pools or below low-water mark. Its resemblance to the simpler forms of Chondrus crispus is so great that it is perhaps mistaken for that species by amateur collectors. Its color, however, is red rather than purple, and the whole plant is thinner and more delicate than C. crispus, which, moreover, has quite a different microscopic structure. G. TORREYI, Ag. Frond compressed, flattish, dichotomous, fastigiate, segments linear, very narrow, the axils rounded. New York, Prof. Agardh. A species known only by the above description of Agardh. Bailey, in Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. VI, 1848, p. 39, makes the singular statement, in speaking of Dasya elegans, Ag., that he has examined a fragment of the original specimen of Sphærococcus Torreyi in the Torrey Herbarium, “which,” he says, “unless I am greatly mistaken, was founded on a battered specimen of this plant.” AHNFELDTIA, Fries. (Named in honor of Nils Otto Ahnfeldt, of Lund.) Fronds cartilagineo-corneous, subterete, dichotomous or irregularly branched, composed of densely packed elongated cells within and a horizontal layer of closely packed short filaments formed of small colored cells; cystocarps immersed in the fronds; tetraspores in nemathecia which surrounded the branches (?). A small genus, comprising stiff, wiry, or cartilaginous algæ, whose fructification is not well known. As it is, the genus is distinguished from Gymnogongrus rather by the rigidity and terete character of the fronds than by any more definite character, since the fact that the tetraspores in the present genus are in the nemathecia which surround the branches, even if fully proved, which is not the case, would hardly constitute sufficient ground for the separation of the genera. In the only common species of the North Atlantic cystocarps have never been seen and the nemathecia have not been satisfactorily examined. In Ahnfeldtia gigartinoides of the west coast the cystocarps form nodose swellings in the upper part of the branches, and there are numerous
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 147 carpostomes by which the spores are discharged. However ill defined the present genus may be, there is no difficulty in recognizing at sight our only species. A. PLICATA, Fries, (Gymnogongrus plicatus, Kütz.; Phyc. Brit.‚ Pl. 288.—Gigartina plicata, Lam.x.—Sphærococcus plicatus, Ag.) Fronds horny, terete, filiform, very irregularly branched, entangled, branches ditrichotomous, with lateral, often secund, branches, axils rounded, terminal divisions elongated; cystocarps and tetraspores? Var. fastigiata. Fronds regularly dichotomous, terminal segments equal. On rocks and algæ in exposed tide-pools. From New York northward; Europe; North Pacific. Forming very irregularly branched, rigid tufts several inches in diameter. The color is usually nearly black, becoming on exposure yellowish or greenish. More wiry and rigid than any of our other Florideæ . CYSTOCLONIUM, Kütz. (From κυστις [kystis], a bladder, and κλωνιον [klonion], a small twig.) Fronds fleshy, succulent, terete, decompoundly branched, composed of three strata of cells, an axile series of loosely interlaced filaments formed of delicate elongated cells, surrounding which is a layer of large rounded cells and a cortical layer of small roundish-angular cells; antheridia in spots on the upper part of the fronds, interspersed among the unchanged cortical cells; tetraspores zonate, scattered in the cortical layer; cystocarps large, immersed in the frond, usually prominent at one side, with a single carpostome. The account given above of the structure of the frond refers to the appearance presented in sectioning the mature plant. A study of the development shows that the external and medial layers really are derived from the axial filaments, or rather that all three are formed from a common set of filaments at the apex of the frond. The frond of Cystoclonium might be mistaken for that of Rhabdonia, but the fruit is very different. The genus comprises about half a dozen described species, but only one is at all well known. C. PURPURASCENS, Kütz. (Hypnea purpurascens, Harv., Phyc. Brit.‚ Pl. 116.) Fronds brownish rose-colored, six inches to two feet long, an eighth to a quarter of an inch in diameter, terete, subpinnately decompound, much branched, branches alternate, elongate, beset with alternately decompound branchlets which taper at each end; cystocarps numerous [sic], large, often forming nodose swellings in the branches. Var. cirrhosa. The branches drawn out into long, twisted tendrils.
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