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190 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. Fronds compressed, ancipital, branches pectinate-pinnate, covered everywhere, except at the tips, by polygonal, arealated cells. ..............................................................................................Ptilota. 61. Fronds dichotomous, tips usually incurved ............... Ceramium. Fronds pinnate, main branches corticated throughout with cells arranged in transverse bands, secondary branches corticated only at the nodes Spyridia. 62. Fronds nearly black, substance dense ...................................... 63 Fronds rose-colored or purple, gelatinous or rather succulent, sometimes capillary 64 63. Fronds dichotomous, cylindrical, cartilaginous, spores borne in external flesh-colored warts ............................................................................... Polyides. Fronds filiform, rigid, wiry, irregularly branching, forming dense, intricate bunches Ahnfeldtia. Fronds small, compressed, pinnate, forming small turfs, spores borne on an axile placenta in the enlarged terminal branches ............... Gelidium. 64. Cystocarps immersed in the fronds .......................................... 65 Cystocarps external, ovate or urceolate .......................................... 70 65. Fronds gelatinous, composed internally of a dense mass of slender longitudinal filaments, which give off short, corymbose, lateral branches, which form the cortex 66 Fronds succulent, consisting of an internal layer of slender longitudinal filaments and a cortex composed of roundish polygonal cells, which become smaller towards the surface ........................................................................................ 69 66. Spores arranged in regular radiating lines .............................. 67 Spores in an irregular mass ............................................................ 68 67. Cystocarps naked, cortical filaments free, often ending in hairs. .........................................................................................Nemalion. Cystocarps surrounded by a delicate membranous sack, cortical filaments ending in large hyaline cells, which are adherent to one another . Scinaia. 68. Fronds dichotomous, subcompressed, central filaments fine and numerous Nemastoma. Fronds filiform, pinnate, central filaments few, rather large. ..................................................................................Gloiosiphonia. 69. Spores arranged in groups around a central placenta Rhabdonia. Spores grouped in several irregular masses in the interior of the fronds ........................................................................... Cystoclonium. 70. Fronds traversed by a distinct central filament or siphon ...... 72 Fronds without a distinct central filament .................................... 71 71. Fronds succulent, brownish purple, cylindrical, beset with subulate branchlets, apices generally hooked, tetraspores zonate Hypnea. Fronds red, somewhat rigid, filiform, tetraspores cruciate. Cordylecladia. 72. Branches much contracted at base ........................ Chondriopsis. Branches not contracted at base ..................................................... 73
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 191 73. Fronds long, cylindrical, densely clothed with lake-red hairs Dasya. Fronds purple or dark red, occasionally blackish, superficial cells either throughout or at least in the young branches arranged in transverse bands ..... 74 Fronds dark red, much branched, rather robust, superficial cells small, irregularly placed ......................................................................... Rhodomela. 74. Tetraspores borne in the younger branches .......... Polysiphonia. Tetraspores borne in swollen, pod-like branches (stichidia). ....................................................................................... Bostrychia. 75. Fronds cartilaginous, dense, spores immersed in the substance of frond 76 Fronds delicate or somewhat coriaceous ........................................ 79 Fronds gelatinous, livid purple, composed of a single layer of cells, spores in marginal bands or spots ............................................................... Porphyra. 76. Fronds formed internally of numerous anastomosnig [sic] filaments which divide corymbosely at the surface ........................................................ 77 Fronds formed of roundish angular cells throughout .................... 78 77. Fronds plane or slightly channelled ............................ Chondrus. Fronds beset with small papillæ, in which the spores are borne. .........................................................................................Gigartina. 78. Fronds with a prominent stipe, which passes into a proliferous lamina, cystocarps external, globose ....................................................... Phyllophora. Fronds linear, regularly dichotomous, cystocarps immersed. ................................................................................Gymnogongrus. 79. Midrib present ........................................................................... 80 Midrib wanting ................................................................................ 82 80. Fronds rosy red, leaf-like ............................................................81 Fronds dark brownish purple, narrow, dentate, midrib scarcely distinct Odonthalia. 81. Tetraspores in spots on the fronds, lateral veins usually present. ........................................................................................ Delesseria. Lateral veins wanting, tetraspores in thickened portions of the fronds Grinnellia. 82. Fronds narrow, much divided ................................................... 84 Fronds palmately or dichotomously divided ................................... 83 83. Fronds deep red, broadly palmate, margins proliferous, tetraspores cruciate in patches ..................................................................... Rhodymenia. Fronds dark red, margins ciliate, tetraspores zonate Rhodophyllis. Fronds dark purple, deeply divided, tetraspores scattered, cruciate. ........................................................................................Gracilaria. 84. Branches alternately secund in threes or fours, the lowest undivided and spine-like, the rest pinnate ......................................................... Plocamium. Fronds subflabellate, upper divisions divaricately toothed Euthora.
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I.-THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND.
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH
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