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138 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. C. corymbosum, Ag. “Fronds capillary, rather regularly decompound-dichotomous, branches erectopatent, corymbose, fastigiate, apices forcipate, lower joints four to five times longer than broad, upper joints subequal; tetraspores naked, emergent, secund on the outer side of the branches, lower portion resting on the cortical layer.” (Agardh, Epicrisis, p. 93.) Atlantic coast of North America. This species is said by Agardh to resemble C. fastigiatum in its ramifications, but with more expanded branches, and to differ in having a violet color and a different arrangement of the tetraspores. From this it would appear that the two species are practically distinguished by the different position of the tetraspores. With regard to their position in C. fastigiatum, as has already been said, Agardh and Harvey do not agree. C. TENUISSIMUM, (Lyngb.) Ag. Fronds rosy-red, two to four inches high, densely tufted, capillary, decompounddichotomous, branches erect, patent, apices forcipate; tetraspores borne on the swollen nodes, usually on the outer side, often several together; favellæ lateral, involucrate. Var. arachnoideum, Ag. Fronds more slender than in the type, tetraspores exserted, secund on the outer side of the branches, solitary or several together. Var. patentissimum, Harv. Fronds small, dichotomies distant and patent, the branches ending in dichotomomultifid, divaricating, corymboso-fastigiate branchlets. On Zostera and algæ. Common in Long Island Sound; Gloucester, Mass., Mrs. Davis; Europe. The present species, according to Agardh, includes the C. nodosum of the Phycologia Britannica, but Harvey’s plate certainly does not correctly represent the tetraspores of the typical form of the species. In the type the nodes are swollen, especially on the upper margin, and the rather large tetraspores project beyond the cortical cells, usually on the outer side of the node, and there are frequently from two to four together. In the var. arachnoideum the tetraspores become almost naked, being only slightly covered by the cortical cells in their lower part. The var. patentissimum of Harvey has a somewhat different ramification from the type. It must be admitted that the limits of C. tenuissimum are not well marked, and it may be that in the present case we have confused two distinct species. C. CAPRI-CORNU, (Reinsch). (Hormoceras Capri-Cornu, Reinsch, Contrib. ad Alg. et Fang., p. 57, Pl. 47.—C. Youngii, Farlow, Rept. U. S. Fish Comm., 1875.) Fronds brownish purple, one to three inches high, filaments setaceous, repeatedly dichotomous, divisions erecto-patent, ultimate divisions subfastigiate,
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 139 apices much incurved, branches beset throughout with very short incurved or recurved branchlets, cells in upper part scarcely as long as broad, two to three times as long below, corticating cells forming a sharply defined band at the nodes; tetraspores and favellæ? In eight feet of water. Canarsie, L. I., Mr. A. R. Young. This curious species has unfortunately never been found in fruit. We have only seen three specimens, which were all collected by Mr. Young. The largest was about three inches high and the filaments were coarser than those of C. diaphanum and C. strictum. It is easily recognized by the numerous short incurved branchlets which arise singly or in twos and threes at the nodes. It is possible that a large series of specimens would have shown that the present is a form of some other species, but when received from Mr. Young in 1875 it seemed so distinct that the name C. Youngii was given to it, and under that name it was mentioned in the Report of the U. S. Fish Commission for 1875, but without any description. The Hormoceras Capri-Cornu of Reinsch, from Anticosti, judging from the plate and description in the Contributiones, published in 1874-75, is apparently the same as C. Youngii, and the name of Reinsch has the priority. SUBORDER SPYRIDIEÆ. Fronds filiform, monosiphonous, formed of longer branching filaments of indeterminate growth, from which are given off short, simple branches of determinate growth, cells of main filaments corticated throughout, the secondary branches corticated only at the nodes; antheridia borne on the secondary branches, arising from the nodes and finally covering the internodes; tetraspores tripartite, borne at the nodes of secondary branches; cystocarps sub terminal on the branches, consisting of obovate masses of spores in dense whorls around the central cell, with a pericarp formed of monosiphonous filaments packed together in a gelatinous substance. An order consisting of a single genus and a small number of species, most of which are tropical. The systematic position of the order is a matter of dispute. The fronds resemble closely those of the Ceramieæ, as do also the tetraspores, but the cystocarps are peculiar and not closely related to those of any other order. A section of the mature fruit, which is usually either two or three parted, shows a monosiphonous axis, around the upper cells of which the spores are arranged in irregularly whorled groups. The whole is surrounded by a wall, which is formed by the union, by means of a jelly, of the elongated tips of subdichotomous filaments which arise from the cortical cells of the nodes just below the sporiferous cells. The antheridia are first formed at the nodes, but soon extend over the internodes for a considerable distance. The development of the frond is fully given by Cramer, l. c. In the Nereis the order is placed next to Ceramiaceæ, and in the Epicrisis of Agardh between the Dumontiaceæ and the Areschougieæ.
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