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124 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. rather long and slender, opposite, in twos or occasionally in fours, generally distichous, widely spreading, once or twice pinnate, ultimate divisions opposite or secund, long and slender; tetraspores cruciate, sessile on the upper side of the secondary branches; favellæ binate. Exs.—Alg. Am. Bor., Farlow, Anderson & Eaton, No. 89. On wharves and algæ below low-water mark. Spring. From New Jersey northward. A common and very beautiful species, more abundant in Long Island Sound than farther northward. It varies considerably in the compactness of the branching and the tenuity of the cells. The species with which it is likely to be confounded is C. Pylaisæi, as already indicated. The long and slender secondary branches are less regularly placed than in some other species of the subgenus, and they are not always distichous nor opposite, although that is generally the case. We have also seen a specimen on which both tetraspores and cystocarps were found together. C. PLUMULA, Lyngb., Phyc. Brit, Pl. 242. Fronds two to four inches long, main branches alternately decompound, secondary branches opposite or in fours, distichous, short, recurved, pectinate on the upper side with 1-3 pinnated branchlets; tetraspores cruciate, shortly pedicellate on the branches. On wharves and on shells in deep water. Long Branch, N. J., Harvey; Orient, L. I., Miss Booth; on steamboat wharf, Newport, R. I.; dredged in 8-10 fathoms, Gay Head, W. G. F.; off Block Island, Professor Eaton. A rare species on the American coast, and known in but few localities. It is found occasionally on wharves just below low-water mark, but more frequently on shells in from five to ten fathoms. It is tolerably abundant off the Devil’s Bridge, near Gay Head, where it is found in company with Lomentaria rosea. It is one of the most easily recognized species of the genus found on our coast. The branches are beautifully symmetrical and distichous, two opposite branches being given off from each cell, or occasionally there are four in a whorl, two being smaller than the others. The branches are recurved and furnished on the upper side only with 1-3 pinnate branchlets. SUBGENUS PLEONOSPORIUM, Næg. Fronds erect, pinnate, cortication wanting; antheridia cylindrical on the upper branches; favellæ terminal, involucrate; tetraspores polysporic. C. BORRERI, Ag., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 159. Fronds diœcious, densely tufted, monosiphonous, with a few rhizoidal filaments at the base, filaments one to four inches long, capillary, main branches several times pinnate, branches beset in lower part with usually simple, elongated branchlets, distichously pinnate above, ultimate ramifications broadly ovate or triangular in outline, branchlets naked below; antheridia cylindrical; tetraspores sessile on the upper
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 125 branchlets, numerous, tripartite or polysporic; favellæ terminal on lateral branches, usually composed of several distinct lobes, furnished with an involucre by the growth of a few incurved accessory branches below. On wharves and Fuci. New York, Harvey; New Haven, Professor Eaton; Newport; New Bedford; Wood’s Holl; Europe. Apparently rather a common species, especially on wharves and Fuci at low-water mark. The species is easily recognized, when in fruit, by the polysporic tetraspores and by the favellæ, which are terminal, not lateral, as in the rest of our species, and have a sort of involucre formed by the growth of accessory ramuli from the cells just below the favellæ. When sterile the species may be recognized by the regular, broadly pinnate tips, at the end of nearly naked branches. We have found both polyspores and favellæ on American specimens; and in spite of the fact that our plants are always more slender than European forms of the species, there can be almost no doubt that we have the true C. Borreri. Whether all the sterile forms referred by American botanists to C. Borreri are correctly determined is doubtful. Some perhaps belong rather to C. roseum. The present species is placed by Bornet in the genus Corynospora, because of the terminal and involcurate [sic?] favellæ and polysporic tetraspores. As writers differ about the limits of Corynospora, we have kept the species in Callithamnion, although in some respects it differs from the rest of the genus, and the young stages of the cystocarps remind one strongly of Spermothamnion. The fruit is, however, a true favella. The number of spores in the polyspores in American specimens rarely exceeds 8 or 10, whereas Nægeli puts the number as high as 20-28 in European specimens. As usually found in early summer, the species is small and delicate, but later it becomes coarse. Specimens collected as late as possible in the autumn are to be desired, and the number of spores in a polyspore should be ascertained more definitely. In Contributiones ad Algologiam et Fungologiam, p. 44, Pl. 23, Fig. 1, Reinsch describes and figures a Callithamnion Labradorense, which is said to have poly-spores—whether a polysporic condition of C. floccosum or not can hardly be determined from the description. SUBGENUS EUCALLITHAMNION. Fronds erect, cortications generally present; antheridia in tufts, either on the nodes or internodes of the branchlets; tetraspores tripartite; favellæ usually binate, lateral. Sect. I. PENNATÆ. Growth monopodial, fronds distichously pinnate, pinnæ alternate, cortications rudimentary or wanting. C. ROSEUM, (Roth), Harvey. (C. roseum, Phyc. Brit., Pl. 230.—Phlebothamnion roseum, Kütz. Fronds capillary, two to four inches high, filaments diffusely branched below, main branches slightly corticated, secondary branches long, flexuous, distichously pinnate, pinnæ crowded at the ends of the branches, long, spreading or slightly incurved; antheridia in tufts on the nodes of the branchlets; tetraspores tripartite, sessile on the branchlets; favellæ binate on the upper branches.
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