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46 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. .18 mm in breadth, once or once and a half as long as broad, nodes constricted. To this species is referred, with considerable doubt, a rare Ulothrix found by Mr. Collins at Nahant. The filaments are six or seven inches long, very soft, and they can with difficulty be removed from the paper on which they are pressed. The cells average from .035-90 mm in breadth by .054-.324 mm in length. In Rhode Island Plants, by S. T. Olney, Providence Franklin Society, April, 1847, under No. 1189, is the following; “Conferva collabens, Ag.? ‘or near it’—Harv. MSS. Sogonnet Point! Narragansett Pier!” In the Nereis Am. Bor., Part III, no. reference is made to C. collabens, Ag., by Harvey, whom Olney quotes in his list. Harvey, however, in the Nereis, describes a new species, Chætomorpha Olneyi, which calls to mind C. collabens, and perhaps that is the plant referred to by Mr. Olney. CHÆTOMORPHA, Kütz. (From χαιτη [chaite], hair, and µορφη [morphe], shape.) Filaments grass green, coarse and rigid, unbranched, either attached in tufts or floating in masses, cells variable in length, often much longer than broad. The species of this genus may be divided into two groups. In the first the filaments arise in tufts from a definite base. In the second the filaments are twisted together and form intricate masses, which rest upon stones and other algæ. It may be a question whether the members of the last-named group are not the advanced stage of the species of the first group, which, us they have developed, have become twisted together and torn from their attachments. It would be comparatively a simple matter to classify our own species taken by themselves, but in comparing them with foreign species it becomes very complicated in consequence of the confusion of names applied to some of the common European species. We can only briefly mention the synonyms, which are almost hopelessly confused. C. MELAGONIUM, (Web. & Mohr.) Kütz. (Conferva Melagonium, Phyc. Brit., Pl. 99 a.) Filaments erect, base scutate, coarse and wiry, dark glaucous green, cells .4-5 mm broad by .4-7 mm long. In tide-pools. Common from Boston northward; Northern Europe. The most easily recognized species of the genus with us. It grows in deep tide-pools, attached to pebbles and rocks. The filaments can be recognized at a distance by their dark glaucous-green color and rigidity. It is generally a foot or more in length, and the filaments are usually free, but become more or less twisted together. It does not adhere well to paper in drying, and in spite of its coarseness it does not bear immersion in fresh water. C. ÆREA, (Dillw.) Kütz. (Conferva ærea, Phyc. Brit., Pl. 99 b.) Filaments erect, base scutate, setaceous, yellowish green, cells .25-40 mm long by .15- 30 mm broad. In high-tide pools. New York Harbor, Harvey; New Haven, Prof. Eaton; Newport, Bailey; Gloucester; Europe. This species has a wider range than the last, being found not only in the north of Europe, but also in the Mediterranean and other warm seas. With us it is not
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 47 uncommon in Long Island Sound, but is little known north of Cape Cod. It grows in pools, sometimes near high-water mark, and resembles in habit C. melagonium, from which it differs in color, in being much less rigid, and in the smaller size of its cells. As found on our coast, the filaments are rather more slender than the average of European specimens. C. PICQUOTIANA, (Mont.) Kütz. (Conferva Picquotiana, Ann. Scien. Nat., 3d Ser., Vol. XI, p. 66.—Chætomorpha Piquotiana, Ner. Am. Bor., Part III, p. 85, Pl. 46 c.) Filaments prostrate, intricately twisted together in masses, rigid, dark-green, cells .2-4 mm broad by .2-1.6 mm long, slightly oval in shape. Deep water, and washed ashore. Rather common from Boston northward; Staten Island, Harvey; Gay Head, Mass. This species was first described by Montagne from specimens collected by Lamare-Picquot in Labrador. It is the largest of our prostrate Chætomorphæ, and north of Boston is not uncommon on beaches after a storm, but it has not been seen in tide-pools. The localities South of Cape Cod perhaps need revision. We have found the species washed ashore at Gay Head, from deep water. It reminds one of C. melagonium by its color, rigidity, and size of the filaments, and it seems to us probable that it is merely an advanced stage of that species which has broken from its attachments and become entangled without having lost its power of growth. It is certainly very unlikely that any alga of this suborder is throughout its whole period of existence unattached. The cells differ from those of C. melagonium in being sometimes several times longer than broad, but, on the other hand, they frequently are found no longer than broad. If the species is really distinct and not an older stage of C. melagonium, as we suspect, it is the largest and coarsest of our species, and is to be compared with C. torulosa, Zan, of which we have examined specimens collected by Hauck at Pirano, in the Adriatic. In drying, our species does not adhere to paper, and the cells contract at the joints so as to give a toruloid appearance. C. LINUM, (Flor. Dan.) Kütz. (Conferva Linum, Crouan, Algues Marines du Finistère, No. 353.—Conferva Linum, Areschoug, Alg. Scand., No. 183.—Chætomorpha herbacea, Kütz., in Hohenacker’s Meeralgen, No. 355.—Chætomorpha Linum, Kütz., Spec. Alg., p. 378.—Chætomorphasutoria, (Berk.) Harv., Ner. Am. Bor., Part 3, p. 87.—Non Conferva Linum, Alg. Danmon., No. 220, nec Rhizoclonium Linum, Herb. Thuret.) Filaments prostrate, intricately twisted together in masses, rigid, bright green, cells .20-25 mm broad by .20-30 mm long, about as broad as long. Just below low-water mark. Common in Long Island Sound; Nahant, Ten Pound Island, Gloucester, Mass.; Europe. The confusion which has arisen from the application of the name Conferva Linum to different species and the useless multiplication of names, especially on the part of Kützing, makes it exceedingly difficult to ascertain the name of this common species on our coast. It forms strata of considerable extent upon rocks and gravel just below
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