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174 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. Massachusetts Bay, Harvey; common from Cape Cod to the West Indies; Europe. A beautiful summer species, forming large purple tufts on wood-work and various substances a short distance below low-water mark in warm, sheltered waters. The lower branches are rigid and widely spreading, but the tips are byssoid and collapse on being removed from the water. When mounted on paper small specimens have a slight resemblance to P. Olneyi, but the species is coarser, and the siphons are six instead of four in number. P. PARASITICA, Grev.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 147. Fronds dark brownish red, one to three inches high, filaments compressed, decompound-pinnate, branches alternate, distichous, 2-3 pinnate, ultimate divisions erecto-patent, subulate, acute, internodes about as long as broad, siphons 8-9, cortications wanting; cystocarps ovate, on short stalks. Providence, R. I., Harvey; Europe; California. A small species, said to have been collected by Mr. Hooper on the authority of Harvey. It differs from our other species in the compressed frond and uniformly distichous arrangement of the branches. In aspect it looks more like a fine Ptilota than a Polysiphonia. In drying it does not adhere well to paper. In California the species is rather common, especially the large variety dendroidea. P. ATRORUBESCENS; Grev.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 172. Fronds tufted, dark red, two to twelve inches long, filaments setaceous, rather rigid, branches long, erect, alternately decompound, with scattered, simple or virgately tufted branchlets, which taper at the base and apex, siphons usually 12, spirally twisted, articulations generally 2-3 times as long as broad; antheridia oval, terminal; cystocarps broadly ovate, sessile. In deep water and washed ashore. Gloucester, Mrs. Davis; Gay Head, Mass., W. G. F.; Fisher’s Island, Prof. Eaton; Orient, L. I., Miss Booth; Noank, W. G. F; Little Compton, R. I., and Long Branch, N. J., Harvey; Europe. One of our less common species, recognized by the number of siphons, which are usually spirally twisted, and by the long branches, which bear small branchlets that taper at both extremities. Late in the season one finds denuded, rigid specimens, which bear little resemblance to the form found early in the season. It does not adhere well to paper in drying, and becomes quite black in the herbarium. P. NIGRESCENS, Grev. Fronds dark brown, three to twelve inches long, rigid below, becoming flaccid and much divided above, branches alternate, decompound-pinnate, ultimate branches subulate, siphons 12-16, articulations about 1 1 /2-3 times as long as broad; antheridia lanceolate, mucronate; cystocarps ovate, subsessile.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 175 Var. FUCOIDES, Ag.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 277. Fronds robust and naked below, upper branches pectinate or corymbose, articulations but slightly longer than broad. Var. AFFINIS, Ag.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 303. Fronds elongated, diffusely branching, branches distant, undivided below, densely pinnate at the tip, articulations two or three times as long as broad. In tide-pools and below low-water mark on stones and algæ. Common along the whole coast. One of our commonest and least beautiful species, which, although very variable, is generally easily recognized. In the Nereis, Harvey describes seven forms found on our eastern coast. Practically, the species as found with us is recognized under two principal forms. The first is rather robust, and has branches which are more or less pectinate or corymbose, and in the extreme forms, as var. Durkeei, Harv., l. c., Pl. 17 c, they are compressed, and the pinnæ are distichous and abbreviated. The second form of the species is represented by the P. affinis of the Phycologia Britannica, in which the main branches are much elongated and more delicate than in var. fucoides, and the ultimate divisions are arranged in pyramidal tufts. Between the two types described occur innumerable forms which hardly require a further description. P. FASTIGIATA, Grev.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 299. Fronds dark brown, forming globose tufts one to three inches in diameter, filaments rigid, of nearly the same diameter throughout, repeatedly dichotomous, fastigiate, apices subulate, spreading, occasionally forcipate, siphons averaging about 20, articulations decidedly broader than long; antheridia oval, in dense terminal tufts; cystocarps ovate, taking the place of a terminal dichotomy. On Ascophyllum nodosum. Common from New York northward; Europe. A very common species, at once recognized by its form and place of growth. It forms tufts on Fucus (Ascophyllum) nodosus and, according to Harvey, on F. vesiculosus. Its color is so dark that one at first sight would hardly suppose it to be one of the Florideæ. The filaments are rigid, and the plant does not collapse in the least when removed from the water, nor does it adhere to paper in drying. The antheridia are very abundant early in the season. The species, like most of the genus found on our coast, is diœcious, but occasionally one finds both sexes on the same individual. In this connection, it would be well to inquire if there is not a proterandrous condition among the Florideæ, as in the higher plants. It has seemed to us that such a condition may exist in P. variegata, and possibly in the present species. P. fastigiata is said to have been collected in California, but the locality is doubtful. It has been found also in Australia and New Zealand. BOSTRYCHIA, Mont. (From βοστρυχιον [bostrychion], a small curl.) Fronds dark purple, compressed or filiform, distichously or irregularly branching, composed of several (4-11) cells (siphons) arranged around a central filament, the siphons either naked or corticated with subcubical cells, apices usually monosiphonous; tetraspores tripartite,
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I.-THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND.
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH
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