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40 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. stalks upon which they are growing. It first appears as solid green spots upon the Fucus, which soon swell out into thin bladders, which partly collapse on being removed from the water. The peculiar inverted V-shaped filaments are seen to greater advantage by dissecting with needles small pieces of the frond than by making sections with a razor. The only other species of this genus is Hormactis Balani, Thuret, which grows on barnacles on the coast of France. It is a comparatively minute plant, much less striking than our own species, which seems rather to replace, on our coast, the Rivularia nitida, Ag., of the coast of Europe, which it resembles in general appearance and habit. The external resemblance to that species is so great that specimens were sent to Dr. Bornet as R. nitida, Ag. (?) By him it was recognized as a new species of Hormactis, H. Farlowii, under which name it was distributed in Alg. Am. Bor. Since then Dr. Bornet has recognized its identity with Rivularia Quoyi, Ag., of the Marianne Islands. It is not a little remarkable that the species is only known in two localities so widely remote from one another. STIGONEMA MAMILLOSUM, Ag., occurs in a brook which empties into the sea at Rafe’s Chasm, Magnolia Cove, in Gloucester; and CALOTHRIX PARIETINA, Thuret, is found in Nobska Pond, close to the sea, at Wood’s Holl. The species named all belong in the present order, but are not strictly marine. ORDER ZOOSPOREÆ Algæ either green or olive-brown in color. Reproduction by means of zoospores, which unite in pairs to form a zygospore. This order includes all the marine Clorospermeæ [sic] attributed to New England in the Nereis Am. Bor., with the exception of the genus Vaucheria, as well as the greater part of the olive-brown seaweeds, with the exception of the rock-weeds or Fucaceæ. The account of the order given in the introduction to the present article should be consulted in the present connection. a. Green algæ, multicellular, zoospores of two kinds—macrozoospores with four and microzoospores with two terminal cilia..Chlorosporeæ. b. Green algæ, frond unicellular, branching ....................Bryopsideæ. c. Green algæ, frond unicellular, simple............................. Botrydieæ. d. Olive-brown algæ, zoospores of one kind, with two cilia laterally attached .....................................................................................Phæosporeæ. SUBORDER CHLOROSPOREÆ. 1. Fronds membranaceous ......................................................(Ulvæ) 2 Fronds filamentous..............................................................................3 2. Cells in a single layer .................................................. Monostroma. Cells in two layers ........................................................................Ulva. 3. Some of the cells furnished with long hyaline hairsBulbocoleon. Cells destitute of hyaline hairs..................................................................................4 4. Filaments branching throughout................................. Cladophora. Filaments with short, root-like branches only ............. Rhizoclonium. Filaments unbranched ........................................................................5 5. Filaments rigid, setaceous.........................................Chætomorpha. Filaments soft and flaccid ......................................................Ulothrix.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 41 MONOSTROMA, (Thuret) Wittrock. (From µονος [monos], single, and στρωµα [stroma], a bed.) Fronds membranaceous, consisting of a single layer of cells, which are either parenchymatous or separated from one another by more or less jelly. As defined by Thuret, Monostroma differed from Ulva in having the cells embedded in jelly rather than arranged in the usual form of parenchymatous tissue. Wittrock includes in the genus all the Ulvæ consisting of a single layer. In most of the species the frond is at first sack-shape, but soon ruptures, the segments being composed of one layer of cells. The basal cells are prolonged downwards, but they become more or less circular in the upper part. M. PULCHRUM, n. sp. Fronds membranaceous, fasciculate, light green, lanceolate or cuneate-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, margin crisped, two to twelve inches long, two inches broad, substance very delicate, about .006 mm in thickness, cells irregular, more or less sinuous, intercellular substance small. Watch Hill, Conn., Prof. Eaton; Gloucester, Mass., Mrs. Bray; Portland, Me., Mr. C. B. Fuller. Spring. A beautiful and apparently not uncommon spring plant of New England, distinguished by its outline and delicate substance. When fully grown the fronds are most frequently attenuated at the base and rather obtuse at the summit. When young they are lanceolate, and seem to be always plane, never saccate, as in the next species. The color is a delicate green, and the plant cannot easily be removed from the paper on which it is pressed. This species has sometimes been distributed as Ulva Linza, to which it bears more or less resemblance in shape. M. GREVILLEI, Wittrock. (Ulva Lactuca, Grev. non Linn.; Harv. Phyc. Brit., Pl. 243, and Ner. Am. Bor. ‚ Part III, p. 60.—Enteromorpha Grevillei, Thuret.) Frond at first saccate, then split to the base into irregular segments, color light green, segments plane, unequally laciniate, frond about .012 mm thick, cells angular, intercellular substance small. Boston Bay (Ner. Am. Bor.); Maiden, Mass., Mr. Collins; Ives Point, Conn., Mr. F. W. Hall; Europe. Spring. A common spring species of the Atlantic shores of Europe, but apparently not so common in New England. The cells of this species vary considerably, and in some specimens the intercellular gelatinous substance is tolerably prominent. M. BLYTII, (Aresch.) Wittr. (Ulva Blytii, Aresch., Phyc. Scand., p. 186, Pl. 10 g.—M. Blyttie [sic], Wittrock, Monog. Monostr., p. 49, Pl. IV ‚ Fig. 11.) Frond membranaceous, subcoriaceous, dark green, irregularly cleft, margin crisped, .028-40 mm in thickness, cells angular, closely packed, intercellular substance small. Exs.—Nordstedt & Wittrock, Alg. Scand., No. 44; Alg. Am. Bor., Farlow, Anderson & Eaton, No. 98.
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