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34 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. Wood’s Holl, Mass.; Atlantic shore of Europe. Summer A species easily recognized and probably common along the New England coast in summer, but rarely found in sufficient quantities to make herbarium specimens. It is usually found in small streaks, so entangled with other Nostochineæ and Confervæ as to be quite inextricable. At times it is found tolerably pure on the old stalks of Spartina, between tide-marks. Pure specimens may be obtained by allowing specimens in which filaments of this species are entangled to remain overnight in a shallow dish of salt water, when the Microcoleus will have freed itself from other substances and come to the surface. As generally found, the plant looks like an attenuated cornucopia, owing to the rupture of the sheath in the middle, allowing the filaments to project. This is shown in Harvey’s figure, l. c., and also in Pl. II, Fig. 3, where only half of the plant has been drawn. Normally the sheaths are about a quarter of an inch long, about .075 mm broad in the middle, and tapering to about .012 mm at the ends. Color a deep bluish green. The filaments readily escape from their sheath, and might in this condition pass for a species of Oscillaria. MICROCOLEUS TERRESTRIS, Desmaz. (Chthonoblastus repens, Kütz.), and M. VERSICOLOR, Thuret, are not infrequently found in muddy places in the interior of New England. LYNGBYA, Ag. (Named in honor of Hans Christian Lyngbye, a Danish botanist.) Filaments free, each provided with a distinct sheath, simple, destitute of heterocysts, no proper oscillations. Spores unknown. L. MAJUSCULA, Harv.; Mermaid’s Hair. (Conferva majuscula, Dillw.—L. crispa, Ag. in part,—L. majuscula, Harv., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 62; Ner. Am. Bor., Part III, p. 110, Pl. 47 a.) Pl. I, Fig. 4 Filaments Long, forming floating tufts, crisped, about .028 mm to .032 mm in diameter, blackish green, sheath prominent, cells 8 to 10 times as broad as long. Cape Cod, Mass., to Key West; Europe; Pacific Ocean. Common and widely diffused. Summer. The largest, most striking, and most common of our marine Lyngbyæ, easily recognized by the length and diameter of its filaments and its color, which is a blackish green. It forms during the later summer months large tufts upon Zostera and various other algæ, and is often found floating free in considerable quantities. In the center of the masses the filaments are intricately twisted together, but on the surface they float out from one another, so as to deserve the common name of mermaid’s hair. In the older specimens the filaments are very much curled and twisted, forming the L. crispa of some writers. The sheath is always well marked, although, as is the case in all the species, it varies so much in thickness under different circumstances as to render it impossible to give accurate measurements. The heterocysts, “cellulis interstitialibus sparsis,” described by Rabenhorst in this species, Flora Europ. Alg., Part II, p. 142, have, in reality, no existence. L. ÆSTUARII, Liebm. (L. æruginosa, Ag.—L. ferruginea, Ag., in Ner. Am. Bor. Part III, p. 102, Pl. 47 b; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 311.) Filaments forming a verdigris-green stratum, about .016-18 mm in diameter, sheaths distinct.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 35 Gloucester, Mass., Mrs. A. L. Davis, and southward; Europe. Summer. A common species of the New England coast, abundant in shallow, brackish pools, where it covers the exposed algæ and Zostera. Much less striking than L. majuscula, Harv., from which it is distinguished at sight by its brighter green color, changing to yellowish rather than blackish, by the diameter of its filaments, which is about half that of L. majuscula, by its thinner sheath, and by forming thin strata rather than loose tufts. In the Ner. Am. Bor., Part III, the diameter of the filaments of L. majuscula, Harv., is given as .05 inch, and that of the filaments of L. ferruginea, Ag., as .001 inch, which is evidently incorrect, as one species is not fifty or even five times larger than the other. L. LUTEO-FUSCA, Ag. (L. fulva, Harv., Ner. Am. Bor., Part III, p. 102, Pl. 47 f.) Filaments fasciculate, erect, greenish yellow, .008-10 mm in diameter, sheath distinct. Exs.—Alg. Am. Bor., Farlow, Anderson & Eaton, No. 48. Stonington, Conn., Bailey; Noank, Conn.; Wood’s Holl, Mass., W. G. F.; Europe. Apparently a common alga of Southern New England, differing in its habit from all our other species of the genus, except L. tenerrima. It grows in large patches on stones and wood-work between tide-marks. The filaments are erect, from one to three inches high or somewhat higher, when in their best condition olive-colored, but more frequently a pale yellow. The thickness of the sheath, by which Harvey separated his L. fulva from L. luteo-fusca, Ag., is by no means constant, and the species cannot be kept distinct. As is the case in several of the species of Lyngbya, the sheath is some times two, three, or even a greater number of times thicker than at others. L. TENERRIMA, Thuret, mscr. Filaments slender, fasciculate, erect, bluish green, .0035 mm in diameter, sheaths very thin. Gloucester, Mass., Mrs. A. L. Davis; Newport, R. I.; Europe. This species was first detected near Gloucester, by Mrs. Davis, growing apparently on sand-covered rocks. The filaments are bluish green, and not over a quarter of an inch high. The species will be easily recognized by the diameter of the filaments, which is decidedly less than that of any other of our species. Dr. Bornet, to whom a specimen was sent, considers our plant the same as that collected by the late M. Thuret, at Biarritz, France, and named by him L. tenerrima. I have since found it in considerable quantity at the base of the cliffs near the Winans mansion, at Newport. L. NIGRESCENS, Harv., Ner. Am. Bor., Part III, p. 102, Pl. 47 d. “Filaments very slender, flaccid, densely interwoven into a fleecy, blackish-green stratum.” (Harvey, l. c.) Canarsic Bay, L. I., Hooper; Peconic Bay, Harvey; on mud and on Zostera, Gloucester, Mass., Mrs. A. L. Davis. Var. major. Filaments forming a dark-brown gelatinous stratum, .0152 mm in diameter, sheath thin.
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