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184 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. present genus resemble the species of Calothrix rather than Lyngbya, but the filaments are not prolonged in a hair-like extremity as in the first-named genus. S. fasciculata, Kütz. Filaments a quarter to half an inch high, united in tooth-like masses from a gelatinous base. .009-12 mm broad, sheaths thin, cells broader than long. On rocks between tide-marks. Newport, R. I.; Europe. Table of comparative distribution of New England species. Number of New England Genera. Number of New England Species. Number of species north of Cape Cod. Number of species south of Cape Cod. Common to North -ern Europe. Common to Mediterranean and Adriatic. Common to Pacific coast of United States. Cryptophyceæ 17 - 32 - 24 - 24 - 26 - 20 - - - - - - - 1 - 2 - Chroococcaceæ - 5 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 5 - 3 - - - - - - - 1 - - Nostochineæ - 12 - 26 - 19 - 20 - 21 - 17 - - - - - - - - - Zoosporeæ 36 - 88 - 71 - 65 - 77 - 34 - 15 - 33 - 3 - 2 - 3 - Chlorosporeæ - 7 - 36 - 28 - 27 - 30 - 15 - 7 - 6 - - - 1 - 1 Bryopsideæ - 2 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 - - - - - - - - Botrydieæ - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - Phæosporeæ - 26 - 49 - 41 - 36 - 44 - 17 - 7 - 27 - 1 - 1 - 2 Oosporeæ 4 - 11 - 7 - 7 - 11 - 2 - 2 - 7 - - - - - - - Vaucherieæ - 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - Fucaceæ - 3 - 9 - 6 - 5 - 9 - 1 - 2 - 7 - - - - - - Florideæ 50 - 99 - 69 - 87 - 71 - 48 - 14 - 34 - 7 - 1 - 12 - Total 107 - 230 - 171 - 183 - 185 - 104 - 31 - 74 - 10 - 4 - 17 - Besides the genera and species, enumerated above, there are 4 genera and 10 species described, but not considered to be sufficiently well known. If these are counted, the total number of genera is 111, and 240 species. The comparison with Mediterranean and Adriatic species is imperfect, because there is no complete list of the algæ of those seas, and our Pacific coast has not as yet been sufficiently well explored to make it possible to give approximately the number of our species found there. In the table the species marked peculiar to New England are those which extend along our whole coast, those of more limited range being kept distinct. The table shows plainly the general fact that the total number of species increases as one goes southward, and that the increase is mainly due to the relative increase in number of the Florideæ. It also shows the close resemblance of our marine flora to that of Northern Europe, and although the number of species common to Arctic waters is not large, as far as the numbers themselves are concerned, yet, if we consider the absolutely small total of species found in Arctic regions, the number of species common to our coast is relatively very large. The general poverty of our flora may be seen in comparing the number of genera and species found in New England with the number of species and genera in Harvey’s Phycologia Britannica and Le Jolis’s Liste des Algues Marines de Cherbourg. The number given by Harvey is 110 genera and 388 species; that given by Le Jolis is 137 genera and 316 species. The Phycologia was published in 1846-’51, and Le Jolis’s Liste in 1863. In both works, more especially in the Phycologia, a number of species which we have in the present article united were kept distinct; but as additional species have been discovered since the appearance of the two works above named, the total number of species is not probably much less, or may even be greater, than the figures given by Harvey and Le Jolis. In Phyceæ Scandinavicæ Marinæ, published .in 1850, Areschoug describes 68 genera and 175 species. Since that date numerous additions have been made to the Scandinavian marine flora, and the total number of species is probably not far from that of the species of our own coast. Arctic. Peculiar to New England. Peculiar to coast north of Cape Cod. Peculiar to coast south of Cape Cod.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 185 ARTIFICIAL KEY TO GENERA. NOTE.—The following key is intended to enable persons who are not at all acquainted with our sea-weeds to ascertain with a partial degree of accuracy the genera to which specimens which they may collect are to be referred. For .this purpose the characters used are, as far as possible, those which can be seen by the naked eye, but, as in many cases, the generic distinctions absolutely depend on microscopic characters, one must not expect to be able to recognize all of our forms without making a more or less careful microscopical examination, especially in the case of the Cryptophyceæ and Phæosporeæ. It should of course be understood that the key is entirely artificial, and does not represent the true botanical relations of our genera; since in many cases the characters refer only to species of our Atlantic coast and would mislead a student having a specimen from other waters. 1. Color bluish or purplish green,* algæ of small size, usually more or less gelatinous (Crytophyceæ) [sic] 5 2. Color grass green ......................................................................... 18 3. Color from yellowish brown to olive green or nearly black ........ 26 4. Color red or reddish purple, rarely blackish, in fading becoming at times greenish (Florideæ) 48 5. Cells arranged in filaments ........................................................... 9 Cells in colonies, but not forming filaments ..................................... 6 6. Cells grouped in twos or some multiple of two ............................. 7 Cells solitary, not adherent in twos .................................................. 8 7. Groups free, not united with one another by a gelatinous envelope. Chroococcus. Groups united by a gelatinous substance so as to form irregularly-shaped colonies Glœocapsa. Groups united by a gelatinous substance so as to form colonies of a dendritic shape Entophysalis. 8. Cells imbedded in a gelatinous substance, forming colonies of indefinite shape Polycystis. Cells imbedded in a gelatinous mass, which forms at first ovoidal and afterwards netshaped colonies ....................................................... Clathrocystis. 9. Filaments ending in a hyaline hair ............................................ 16 Filaments not ending in a hair ....................................................... 10 10. Filaments provided with heterocysts ........................................ 11 Filaments destitute of heterocysts .................................................. 12 11. Filaments with a thin gelatinous sheath, spores not adjacent to the heterocysts Nodularia. *Our marine species of Clathrocystis and the genus Beggiatoa are exceptions. The former is pinkish, and covers the mud and algæ between tide-marks with a very fine gelatinous film. The species of Beggiatoa are whitish to the naked eye, and form very delicate films over decaying algæ. †Vid. page 11.
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I.-THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND.
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH
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