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172 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. branchlets, internodes all short, never more than twice as long as broad; antheridia ellipsoidal, not mucronate; cystocarps broadly ovate, on short pedicels. On Zostera and other plants. Common in Long Island Sound and found in several place in Massachusetts Bay; Goose Cove, Squam, Mass. The typical form of the species is closely related to P. spinulosa, Grev., found in Scotland and in the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas, where, however, it does not appear to be at all common. We once collected specimens at Antibes, France, and certainly at first sight it could not be distinguished from P. Harveyi. In the typical P. Harveyi the branches are rather rigid and the branchlets are spine-like and sometimes revolute. As the plant grows old the finer branchlets disappear, and there is left an irregular mass of coarse filaments beset with revolute branchlets, forming the P. arietina of Bailey, which is in the Nereis considered a variety of P. Harveyi. It is, however, rather an autumnal condition than a proper variety. The upper portion of the fronds of P. Harveyi are sometimes slender and byssoid, and as it is a well-known fact that the branchlets of Polysiphoniæ have the power of falling from their attachments and producing new plants, it may be, as has already been suggested, that P. Olneyi is the byssoid condition of P. Harveyi. Polysiphonia Americana, Reinsch, Contrib. ad Algolog. et Fungolog., p. 50, Pl. 33 a, as far as can be judged by the plate, closely resembles some forms of P. Harveyi, except in the color, which as given by Reinsch is bright pink. It is said by Reinsch to resemble P. arietina, Bailey, in general appearance, but to differ in the erect, subdichotomous filaments, whose joints are bicellular. SEC. II. Siphons four, main branches corticated, ultimate branches without cortication. P. ELONGATA, Grev.; Phyc. Brit., Pls. 292, 293.—Lobster Claws. Fronds dark red, six to twelve inches long, robust, cartilaginous, irregularly branched, lower branches naked, upper beset with closely set, alternately multifid branchlets, which taper at the base and apex, cortications covering all but the younger portions of frond, section of branches showing four large siphons, with secondary siphons and a rather thick cortex; cystocarps ovate. Gloucester, Lynn Beach, Squam, Wood’s Holl, Gay Head, Mass. One of the largest but less common Polysiphoniæ, which is more abundant in the spring than at any other season. The species is perennial and in late summer and autumn the branchlets fall off, leaving the lower and coarser branches, which persist through the winter, and in the following spring produce at the apices tufts of delicate, deep-red branchlets. It is recognized by its long cartilaginous main branches, which are nearly naked, and which bear tufts of filaments at the apex. The popular name of lobster claws is tolerably appropriate. P. FIBRILLOSA, Grev.; Phyc. Brit, Pl. 302. Fronds brownish yellow, four to ten inches high, broadly pyramidal, rather robust below, becoming slender above, with an undivided axis or divided near the base into several long, main branches, secondary branches alternate, several times pinnate, fibrillose, with short, scattered‚
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 173 simple branchlets, ultimate divisions capillary, tufted; antheridia oblong, terminal; cystocarps ovate. On stones and Zostera at low-water mark. Lynn, Mass., Harvey; Wood’s Holl, Noank, Orient Point, Newport, and several places in Long Island Sound; Europe. Rather a common species in sheltered places south of Cape Cod, but only known northward from the reference of Harvey. It is smaller and more slender than the last species and the branches are not naked, but fibrillose. The present species is more nearly related to P. violacea, of which Harvey suggests that it may be a variety. The last-named species is more decidedly red in color, is a larger plant, and although the ultimate branches are in tufts, as in P. fibrillosa, the larger branches are destitute of the fibrillose branchlets characteristic of the latter species. P. VIOLACEA, Grev.; Phyc. Brit, Pl. 209. Fronds brownish red, six inches to two feet long, elongated, pyramidal, usually with an undivided main axis, which has several long, widely spreading branches near the base, main divisions robust, becoming capillary at the tops, branches rather naked below, bearing above numerous multifid branchlets, ultimate branchlets densely tufted; antheridia? cystocarps broadly ovate, sessile or shortly pedicelled. Var. FLEXICAULIS, Harv. Branches very long, slender, angularly bent, much divided, divisions patent and sometimes secund. In deep tide-pools on exposed shores and on Zostera in deep water. Common from New York northward. Var. flexicaulis. Cape Ann; Portland, C. B. Fuller; and northward. One of the commonest species of the genus, frequenting cold, exposed tide-pools, where it has a dense habit and rarely exceeds a foot in length. When growing in deep water it is long and slender. In spring it has a pink color, but late in the season it becomes dark colored, almost blackish. Specimens of the present species are sometimes found in American herbaria bearing the name of P. Brodiæi, a species having six siphons, which has not as yet been detected with certainty on our coast. The P. Brodiæi of Bailey’s List of United States Algæ is, according to Harvey, P. fibrillosa. SECT. III. Siphons more than four, corticating cells wanting. P. VARIEGATA; Ag.; Phyc. Brit., Pl. 155; Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, Vol. XVI, Pl. 6. Fronds purplish brown, densely tufted, four to ten inches high, filaments setaceous and rigid below, capillary above, dichotomo-multifid, the lower axils patent, branches above somewhat zigzag, elongated, with alternately decompound, flaccid branchlets, siphons six in number, cortications wanting, internodes not much longer than broad; antheridia linear-oblong, mucronate; cystocarps ovate, short-stalked. At the foot of wharves, on Zostera, &c.
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