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32 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. BEGGIATOA, Trevisan. (Named in honor of Francesco Secondo Beggiato, an Italian botanist.) Filaments simple, hyaline, no proper sheath, rapidly oscillating, cells filled with opaque granules. Spores unknown. A genus separated from Oscillaria only by its color, which is white to the naked eye, and by the granules of sulphur which often make the cell seem quite opaque when viewed with the microscope. The species give off a strong odor of hydric sulphate, and are found in both fresh and salt water, especially in hot springs. The diameter of the filaments, an uncertain mark, is about the only guide to the distinction of the species. B. ALBA, Treves, var. MARINA (Warming, Videnskab. Middels., 1875, Pl. X, Figs. 6, 7). Filaments .0036 mm in diameter, cell divisions indistinct, granules usually irregularly placed. Cambridge; Europe. In brackish ditches. B. ARACHNOIDEA, Rab. (Warming, l. c., Pl. X, Figs. 2-4). Filaments .005-7 mm in diameter, cells narrower than broad, granules usually in bands parallel to the transverse cell-walls. Eastport, Maine; Wood’s Holl, Mass.; Europe. On dead algæ. B. MIRABILIS, Cohn (Warming, l. c.‚ Pl. X, Fig. 5). Filaments .016 mm (20-40, Warming) in diameter, cells a third as long as broad, granules arranged in bands. Cambridge, Mass.; Europe. There is a doubt about the accuracy of the determination of the specimens referred to this species. It is much the largest of the genus found on our coast. The only specimens which we have measured were .016 mm in breadth, which agrees with the measurement of Cohn, but not with that of Warming. We have the impression, however, that we have seen larger specimens than those measured. Leptothrix rigidula, Kütz., is found at Wood’s Holl, on Ectocarpus and other algæ. The genus Leptothrix is now limited to small species related to Bacillus. The present species is parasitic on Metacarpus and Cladophora, on which it forms white fringes in midsummer. The filaments are about .002 mm in diameter. The cell divisions are very indistinct. The species may possibly be the same as Beggiatoa minima, Warming, l. c., Pl. X, Fig. 10. OSCILLARIA, Kütz. (From oscillo, to vibrate.) Filaments simple, destitute of distinct sheath, oscillating, bluish green or dark purple. The species of this genus are found on mud, wharves, and wood work. They are not usually found pure, but mixed with Spirulina, Lyngbya, &c. The following are all to which we care to give a name, but not by any means all which occur with us.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 33 O. LIMOSA, Kütz., var. CHALYBEA, Tab. Phyc., Vol. I, Pl. 41, Fig. 3; Le Jolis, Liste des Algues Marines. Filaments .008-9 mm in diameter, flexuous, apex obtuse, oscillations marked, cells about half as long as broad, purplish colored, Eastport, Maine; Europe. Forming a slimy layer on piles. Our specimens seem to agree well with specimens from Cherbourg. O. littoralis, Harv., of Crouan’s Alg. Finistère, No, 325, is apparently very near to this, if not the same. O. SUBULIFORMIS, Harv., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 251 b. Filaments .006-7½ mm in diameter, at the end tapering to an incurved point, cells about one-third as long as broad, bluish green. Charles River, Cambridge; Europe. O. SUBTORULOSA, (Bréb.). (Phormidium subtorulosum, Bréb., in Kütz. Tab. Phyc., Vol. I, Pl. 49, Fig. 5.) Filaments .003-4 mm , cells nearly cuboidal, with rounded angles, so that the filament appears slightly crenate. Eastport, Maine; Wood’s Holl, Mass.; Europe. To this species is doubtfully referred a form common on wharves at Eastport and on the government wharf at Wood’s Holl, where it forms slimy patches, mixed with Spirulina, &c. The filaments of this species bear a decided resemblance to the trichomata of Microcoleus chthonoplastes, and it may perhaps be a question whether they are not really a stage of that species in which the trichomata have escaped from the enveloping sheath. Opposed to this view is the large quantity of filaments and apparently an entire absence of empty sheaths. That the trichomata of M. chthonoplastes often escape from the sheath can easily be seen, but how long they remain free and how rapidly they increase under such circumstances is uncertain. MICROCOLEUS, Desmaz. (From µικρος [mikros], small, and κολεος [koleos], a sheath.) Filaments slowly oscillating, destitute of heterocysts, several united in a single gelatinous sheath, which is either simple or branching. M. CHTHONOPLASTES, Thuret. (Oscillatoria chthonoplastes, Lyngbye— Chthonoblastus Lyngbei, Kütz.—Microcoleus anguiformis, Harv., Phyc. Brit., Pl. 249; Kütz., Tab. Phyc., Vol. I, Pl. 57.—Chthonoblastus anguiformis, Rab., Flora Europ. Alg., Sect. II, p. 133.) Pl. II, Fig. 3. Sheaths elongated, fusiform, being six or more times broader in the center than at the extremities, simple, several twisted together so as to form a green stratum, filaments dark green, about .005 mm in diameter, intricately twisted together, three or four only at the extremity of the sheath, but very numerous at the center, where the sheath is frequently ruptured, allowing the filaments to protrude; cells as long as broad, or a little broader, terminal cell acutely pointed. S. Miss. 59——3
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