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188 THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND. Sporangia at the base of filaments, which form scattered external tufts Stilophora. 38. Fronds minute, ending in a hyaline hair, monosiphonous below, densely beset above with very short branches, between which are the sporangia Myriotrichia. Fronds ending in a large, single cell, the cells of the lower part giving off descending filaments, which become interwoven and form a false cortex . 39 39. Rhizoidal filaments few and limited to the base of the plant, branching, irregularly pinnate ...................................................................... Sphacelaria. Rhizoidal filaments numerous ........................................................ 40 40. Branches distichously pinnate ................................. Chætopteris. Branches whorled ......................................................... Cladostephus. 41. Fronds simple or occasionally proliferous ................................ 42 Fronds branching ............................................................................. 47 42. Midrib present ........................................................................... 43 Midrib wanting ................................................................................ 44 43. Fronds stipitate, perforated with numerous holes ........ Agarum. Fronds entire, with a few separate leaflets on the stipe below the lamina Alaria. 44. Fronds thin, subsessile .............................................................. 45 Fronds thick and coriaceous, distinctly stipitate ........................... 46 45. Sporangia densely covering the surface of frond ........... Phyllitis. Sporangia external in scattered spots ........................... Punctaria. 46. Cryptostomata present, fronds attached by short, nearly simple rhizoids Saccorhiza. Cryptostomata wanting, fronds attached by prominent, branching rhizoids Laminaria. 47. Fronds without distinction of midrib and lamina, fruit borne on short lateral branches ................................................................... Ascophyllum. Blade distinct from the midrib, bladders borne in the laminae, fruit terminal Fucus. Bladders and fruit borne on special stalks ..................... Sargassum. 48. Fronds calcareous ...................................................................... 49 Fronds not calcareous ...................................................................... 50 49. Fronds erect, filiform, articulated ................................ Corallina. Fronds thin, horizontally expanded .................................. Melobesia. Fronds thick, horizontally expanded, but rising at intervals in irregular protuberances Lithothamnion. 50. Fronds horizontally expanded, crustaceous or membranaceous51 Fronds erect or umbilicate .............................................................. 52 51. Fronds parenchymatous, spores in external warts Peyssonnelia. Fronds parenchymatous, spores in cavities sunk in the frond .......................................................................... Hildenbrandtia.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 189 Fronds parenchymatous below, but above formed of loosely united filaments, tetraspores formed in the filaments ............................ Petrocelis. 52. Fronds tubular ........................................................................... 53 Fronds filamentous .......................................................................... 54 Fronds membranaceous .................................................................. 75 53. Fronds cartilaginous, hollow throughout, rigid, proliferous, tetraspores cruciate Halosaccion. Fronds slender, muck .contracted at the joints, but without diaphragms, tetraspores tripartite in depressed cavities Lomentaria. Fronds slender, nodose, with diaphragms at the nodes, tetraspores tripartite in the cortical layer Champia. 54. Fronds monosiphonous, without proper cortex ........................ 55 Fronds with distinct axial and cortical layers ................................ 62 55. Fronds monosiphonous throughout .......................................... 56 Fronds at first monosiphonous, becoming polysiphonous above, spores formed by divisions of any of the cells, filaments simple, gelatinous, dark purple Bangia. Fronds monosiphonous above, but below with a false cortex formed by descending filaments given off from the cells .............................................. 60 Fronds formed of large cells placed end to end, with bands of smaller cells at the nodes, in some cases the nodal cells extending in a thin layer over the internodal cells 61 56. Spores (as far as known) formed directly from the contents of any of the cells 57 Spores on short pedicels, distinct, undivided .......... Trentepohlia (?). Tetraspores and cystocarps present ............................................... 58 57. Filaments simple, forming a fine web over other algæ. Erythrotrichia. Filaments dichotomously branching, minutely tufted Goniotrichum. 58. Fronds formed of prostrate filaments, from which arise erect pinnate filaments, cystocarps terminal, involucrate, spores irregularly grouped, not surrounded by a common gelatinous envelope when mature .................................................................... Spermathamnion. Cystocarps terminal or lateral, spores irregularly grouped at maturity, covered by a general gelatinous envelope ...................................................... 59 59. Fronds dichotomous, formed of delicate vesicular cells, tetraspores in whorls at the joints, involucrate ....................................................... Griffithsia, Fronds dichotomous or pinnate, tetraspores scattered on the branches, solitary or aggregated, cystocarps lateral, usually binate Callithamnion, in part. Fronds with a monosiphonous axis, nearly concealed by the densely whorled branches, cystocarps terminal on short branches, tetraspores in whorls one above another on special branches .............................................................. Halurus. 60. Fronds capillary or bushy, densely branching, cortications confined to the larger branches, and evidently formed of vein-like descending filaments Callithamnion, in part.
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I.-THE MARINE ALGÆ OF NEW ENGLAND.
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF FISH
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